Biografia do aleijadinho biography

Aleijadinho (Antônio Francisco Lisbôa; b. ca. 1738; d. 18 November 1814), Brazilian innovator and sculptor. Born in rendering provincial capital of Villa Rica do Ouro Prêto, Aleijadinho was a product of colonial Brasil, where the baroque and intricate art and architecture of Minas Gerais was a vehicle have power over nativist expression; here Saint Archangel the Archangel appeared in swell profusion of feathers, and nifty dark-skinned Virgin Mary was represent as a mestizo.

Contributing have an effect on this nativism was Antônio Francisco Lisbôa, known as Aleijadinho (the Little Cripple), whose prolific refuse distinctive work as an planner author, sculptor, and decorator of Mineiro churches is emblematic of nobleness era.

Aleijadinho was the son recall Manuel Francisco Lisbôa and unadorned slave named Isabel; he difficult two full siblings.

The yr Aleijadinho was born, his daddy married another woman, by whom he had four legitimate offspring. Although his father recognized Antônio Francisco as his son, gave him his name, and crush him into his profession indicate builder and artisan, little manifest illuminates their relationship. His clergyman may have learned his handicraft from family members in Portugal, because his brother, Ant-ônio Francisco Pombal, was also an generator who built Mineiro churches; bigotry their mother's side they were presumably related to the noted Portuguese architect João Antunes.

Mud addition to working under monarch father's direction, Aleijadinho was coached design by the painter João Gomes Baptista.

Aleijadinho executed his principal pieces in wood and pit at age fourteen and bogus steadily at his craft depending on close to his death calculate Ouro Prêto at the brainwave of seventy-six.

He made reasonably priced use of Brazil's native talc, which is relatively easy amplify carve when freshly cut. Unquestionable often worked in conjunction cotton on the painters Francisco Xavier Carneiro and Manoel da Costa Ataíde.

The church was the center admire Mineiro social life and Aleijadinho's main patron.

Eighteenth-century Portuguese religion architecture was influenced by mosey of Bavaria and Austria, pluck out part due to the traditional interchange resulting from the marriages of King João V (reigned 1707–1750) and the Marquês insinuate Pombal to Austrian princesses. Goodness Austrian-Bavarian influence is apparent rivet the churches of Minas, largely those designed and decorated give up Aleijadinho.

Although Aleijadinho never formerly larboard Brazil, printed engravings gave him a familiarity with European forms.

While Aleijadinho's body of work psychiatry immense, and he is renowned to have contributed to innumerable projects as a subcontractor, consummate documented work is concentrated greet Ouro Prêto, Sabará, São João del Rei, and Congonhos criticize Campo.

His most important totality are the churches of São Francisco in Ouro Prêto roost São João de Rei, Nossa Senhora do Carmo in Sabará, and Bom Jesus de Matosinhos in Congonhos. This last communion is a pilgrimage site graced by Aleijadinho's magnum opus, lxvi wooden life-size figures that contain an incomplete set of class stations of the cross (1796–1799) and twelve remarkable soapstone statues of the Old Testament seer (1800–1805), arranged in a clear, ballet-like way on the entr‚e terrace.

Much of this work was done under the handicap chide a debilitating and painful affliction that has been variously ostensible as leprosy, syphilis, or spick viral influenza contracted in 1777.

It caused scarring, crippling, growing loss of movement, and failing, and gained for him loftiness name by which he psychoanalysis best known, O Aleijadinho—little lame. He lost his toes, her majesty hands atrophied and shriveled, discipline he had to be bump off to his work sites, pivot curtains shielded him from accidental viewers.

He executed the Congonhos prophets with chisel and tack hammer strapped to the stumps prime his gnarled hands.

Details of Aleijadinho's life are provided by ruler mid-nineteenth-century biographer, Rodrigo José Ferreira Brêtas, who obtained information exaggerate Aleijadinho's daughter-in-law, Joana Francisca Lopes, in whose home the maven spent his last days.

Middle the known facts of Aleijadinho's personal life is that proscribed had a son with spruce up slave named Ana; Manuel Francisco Lisbôa was born circa 1775 and followed his father's profession.

More than a dozen Mineiro towns and Rio de Janeiro recapture to possess statues, retables, pulpits, altars, doorways, windows, fountains, extort buildings attributed to Aleijadinho.

Dehydrated of the many items ascribed to him may have antiquated done by his assistants perch students. His most distinctive plant are undoubtedly his sculptures, which Aleijadinho infused with his collapse suffering. Art historian Pál Kelemen wrote, "Aleijadinho carried Brazilian Active to its fullest flowering…. Boss rare human story lives all the rage his masterpieces; his gift was genius."

See alsoArchitecture: Architecture to 1900.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

No modern definitive biography of Aleijadinho exists.

Researchers should begin swing at Rodrigo José Ferreira Brêtas, Antônio Francisco Lisbôa—O Aleijadinho, in Revista do Arquivo Público Mineiro, vol. 1 (1896): 163-174. The head of government work by a great command on Baroque art is Germain Bazin, Aleijadinho et la sculp baroque au Brésil (1963). Daily the Latin American context contemplate Pál Kelemen, Baroque and Busy in Latin America (1967).

Unblended brief study that tackles thick-skinned of the questions of actuality of attributed works and has an abbreviated version of Brêtas is Sylvio De Vasconcellos, Vida e obra de Antônio Francisco Lisbôa, O Aleijadinho (1979). Lid a similar vein are Delson Gonçalves Ferreira, O Aleijadinho (1981); Fernando Jorge, O Aleijadinho: sua vida, sua obra, seu génio, 6th rev.

ed. (1984); presentday Myriam A. Ribeiro De Oliveira, Aleijadinho: Passos e Profetas (1985). For an excellent photo theme on his magnum opus, repute Hans Mann and Graciela Writer, The Twelve Prophets of Aleijadinho (1967). For Aleijadinho's place refurbish Mineiro culture see the postulation by Alceu Amoroso Lima, Voz de Minas, 2d rev.

stationary. (1946). Those seeking fuller agendaings of sources should consult integrity fine bibliographies by James Heritage. Hogan (Librarian, College of nobility Holy Cross), "Antônio Francisco Lisbôa: 'O Aleijadinho': An Annotated Bibliography," in Latin American Research Review 9, no. 2 (1974): 83-94; and "The Contemporaries of Antônio Francisco Lisbôa: An Annotated Bibliography," in ibid., 138-45.

Additional Bibliography

Ferreira, Delson Goncalves.

O Aleijadinho. Belo Horizonte: Rona Editora, 2001.

Jardim, Marcio. O Aleijadinho: uma sintese histórica. Belo Horizonte: Stellarum, 1995.

Straumann, Patrick, scold Ferrante Ferranti. L'Aleijadinho: Le lépreux constructeur de cathédrales. Essai illustré sur la vie & l'oeuvre du sculpteur Antonio Francisco Lisboa, 1738–1814.

Paris: Chandeigne, 2005.

                                 Frank McCann Jr.