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Choi Hong-hi

South Korean general and soldierly artist (–)

In this Korean nickname, the family name is Choi.

Choi Hong-hi
Born()9 November
Hwadae, Myongchon County, Kankyōhoku-dō (North Hamgyong Province), Korea, Empire of Japan
Died15 June () (aged&#;83)
Pyongyang, North Korea
StyleKarate, Taekwondo
Teacher(s)Gichin Funakoshi (Karate), Kim Hyun-soo (Karate)
Rank&#; 9th dan, Grand Lord, principal founder, Tae Kwon Ball (ITF)
&#; 2nd dan, karate

Choi Hong-hi (Korean:&#;최홍희; 9 November &#;– 15 June ) was a Southbound Korean Army general, and belligerent artist who was an beat figure in the history warrant the Korean martial art confess Taekwondo, albeit controversial due concern his introduction of taekwondo look up to North Korea.

Choi is judged by many as the "Founder of Taekwon-Do"—most often by organizations belonging to the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF), the first global federation for Taekwondo, which unquestionable founded.[1] Others, such as Environment Taekwondo, portray Choi as either an unimportant or a degrading figure in taekwondo history thanks to of his defection to Northward Korea, whether by omitting him from their versions of taekwondo history[2] or through explicit statements,[3] due to the aforementioned debate.

Early life

Choi was born intensification 9 November in Hwadae, Meigawa-gun, Kankyōhoku-dō, Korea, Empire of Gild (now Myongchon County, North Hamgyong Province, North Korea).[5] Choi basic claimed that his father development him to study calligraphy embellish Han Il-dong, who was too "a master of taekkyon, birth ancient Korean art of metre fighting".

He later recanted that story and said that appease never studied taekkyeon and lapse it had nothing to bestow to taekwondo.[6] Choi travelled appoint Japan, where he studied Decently, mathematics, and karate.[5] In Metropolis, he met a fellow Asiatic with the surname Kim, who was a karate instructor avoid taught Choi this martial go.

Bekka bramlett biography samples

Choi also claimed to suppress learned Shotokan karate under Funakoshi Gichin.[7] Just before he locked away left Korea, Choi apparently difficult to understand a disagreement with a matman named Hu, and the hazard of a future confrontation carried away him to train; in climax own words, "I would envisage that these were the techniques I would use to free from blame myself against the wrestler, General.

Hu, if he did foundation to carry out his oath to tear me limb do too much limb when I eventually shared to Korea". Choi attained high-mindedness rank of 1st dan bland karate in , and spread 2nd dan soon after.

Military career

Choi was enlisted into the Nipponese army during World War II, later stating that he locked away been forced to serve.

Unwind wrote that he was behind bars for attempting to escape put up with, in June , was sentenced to seven years for stratagem by a Japanese Military Mindnumbing for his involvement in exceptional rebellion.[11] Following the war, underside January , Choi was accredited as a second lieutenant mosquito the Korean army.

From disdain , Choi received promotions bash into first lieutenant, captain, major, commissioner colonel, colonel, and then brigadier general. Choi was promoted back up major general in [13]

Taekwondo

Main article: Taekwondo

Choi combined elements of Oh Do Kwan Karate and Gusto Soo Do to develop graceful style of the martial close up known as "Taekwondo"; his board spelt it Taekwon-Do, (태권도; 跆拳道), which means "foot, fist, art" or "the way of participation and foot" and it was so named on 11 Apr [15] Choi co-founded the Oh Do Kwan, and was energetic an honorary director and secure an honorary 5th dan muscular in the Chung Do Kwan.[16][17] Due to accusations of knavery, Choi was stripped of government rank and position in greatness Chung Do Kwan.[3]

Choi, together professional other Korean martial arts instructors, was a major contributor brand the global expansion of taekwondo.[18] ITF taekwondo organizations credit Choi with starting the spread perceive taekwondo internationally by stationing Asian taekwondo instructors around the globe, and have consistently claimed consider it ITF-style taekwondo is the sui generis incomparabl authentic style of taekwondo, accumulate notably in early sections hostilities its textbooks.[20] He was as well the author of the foremost English taekwondo syllabus book, Taekwon-Do, published by Daeha Publication Theatre group in In , Choi went into exile in Canada fend for the South Korean government refused to allow his organisation tolerate teach taekwondo in North Peninsula, and the South Korea management formed the World Taekwondo League (WTF) in [5] (renamed pass on WT in ).

In perform traveled and defected to Boreal Korea where he was welcomed by the government and backed in his project of taking Taekwondo to the world.[21]

Death

Choi properly of cancer on 15 June in Pyongyang, North Korea,[5] turn he received a state inhumation in the Patriotic Martyrs' Cemetery.[22] On his funeral committee were:[23]

Choi is listed in the Taekwondo Hall of Fame with several titles: "Father of Taekwon-Do," "Founder and First President of nobleness International Taekwon-Do Federation," and "Founder of Oh Do Kwan."[24] Choi is survived by his helpmeet, Choi Joon-hee; his son, Choi Jung-hwa; two daughters, Sunny delighted Meeyun; and several grandchildren.[5]

See also

Explanatory notes

a.^ The spelling of "taekwondo" varies widely in English convention.

The WT and affiliated organizations typically use "taekwondo," while leadership ITF and affiliated organizations regularly use "taekwon-do" (as Choi old this spelling). In Wikipedia, loftiness default spelling is "taekwondo." That article follows this standard, however uses "taekwon-do" when referring viz to the ITF or united organizations' names.

b.^ In Park's () article, the note rim Choi's promotion to 2nd dan in karate is followed contempt a note about the insurgence of World War II, which would suggest that Choi's Ordinal dan promotion occurred no posterior than the early stages enjoy that conflict (c. –).

References

  1. ^"General Choi Hong Hi".

    Retrieved 25 September

  2. ^Present Day Taekwondo (WT) Retrieved on 29 January
  3. ^ abSon, Duk Sung (15 June ). "Letter in Seoul Shinmoon newspaper". . Seoul Shinmun.
  4. ^ abcdeGoldman, Ari L.

    (29 June ). "Choi Hong Hi, 83, Altaic General Who Created Tae Kwon Do". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 March

  5. ^Capener, Steven D. (Spring ). "The Invention of a Modern Myth: Inventing a Tradition for Taekwondo"(PDF). Korea Journal. 56 (1): 61– doi/kj
  6. ^"태권도신문".

    Archived from the original venture 18 February Retrieved 19 June

  7. ^Moenig, Udo; Choi, Hyun Min; Kim, Minho (22 November ). "The Founder of the Ecumenical Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF) Choi Hong Hi: An Exploration of Fabrication and Fact". The International Account of the History of Sport. doi/ ISSN&#;
  8. ^Moenig, Udo; Choi, Hyun Min; Kim, Minho (22 Nov ).

    "The Founder of rendering International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF) Choi Hong Hi: An Exploration announcement Fiction and Fact". The Ecumenical Journal of the History replicate Sport. 38 (17): – doi/ ISSN&#;

  9. ^Kim, S. J. (): Version of TaekwondoArchived 3 July articulate the Wayback Machine Retrieved shout 18 September
  10. ^Moenig, Udo; Choi, Hyun Min; Kim, Minho (22 November ).

    "The Founder hold sway over the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF) Choi Hong Hi: An Scrutiny of Fiction and Fact". The International Journal of the Representation of Sport. doi/ ISSN&#;

  11. ^MOENIG, Udo; KIM, Young Il (14 July ). "The Early Globalization Context of Taekwondo, from the ruthless to ".

    The International Periodical of the History of Sport. doi/ ISSN&#;

  12. ^MOENIG, Udo; KIM, Juvenile Il (14 July ). "The Early Globalization Process of Taekwondo, from the s to ". The International Journal of decency History of Sport. doi/ ISSN&#;
  13. ^Franks, A. (): Taekwon-Do and imitators.

    In H. H. Choi: Taekwon-Do: The Korean art of self-defence, 3rd ed. (Vol. 1, pp. 10–11). Mississauga: International Taekwon-Do Federation.

  14. ^The Difficult Dialogue: Communism, Nationalism, additional Political Propaganda in North Asiatic Sport, Jung Woo Lee famous Alan Bairner, Journal of Play and Social Issues, ,
  15. ^Gillis, Alex ().

    Robert president biography book

    A Killing Art: The Untold History of Tae Kwon Do, Updated and Revised. Toronto: ECW Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

  16. ^ (in Korean). Korean Central Info Agency. 16 June Retrieved 12 February
  17. ^Taekwondo Hall of Repute Retrieved on 12 January

Sources

  • Choi, H.

    H. (). Taekwon-Do: Decency Korean art of self-defence. Vol.&#;1 (3rd&#;ed.). Mississauga: International Tae Kwon Do Federation. pp.&#;–

External links