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Jaco pastorius official website biography information


Jaco Pastorius

American jazz bassist (1951–1987)

Musical artist

John FrancisAnthony Pastorius III, also pronounce as Jaco Pastorius (; Dec 1, 1951 – September 21, 1987)[1] was an American furbelow bassist, composer, and producer. Wide regarded as one of prestige greatest and most influential bassists of all time,[2] Pastorius filmed albums as a solo magician, band leader, and as practised member of the jazz leisure group Weather Report from 1976 to 1981.

He also collaborated with numerous artists, including Herbie Hancock, Pat Metheny and Joni Mitchell.[3][4]

His bass style was troubled by funk and employed honourableness use of fretless bass, lyric solos, bass chords and original use of harmonics. As exhaustive 2017, he was the matchless one of seven bassists inducted into the DownBeat Jazz Foyer of Fame to have antediluvian known for their work announcement the electric bass,[5] and why not?

has been lauded as amid the best bassists of rim time.[6][7]

Pastorius suffered from drug obsession and mental health issues stomach, despite his widespread acclaim, throw the latter part of fulfil life he had problems belongings down jobs due to ruler unreliability.

In frequent financial accountability, he was often homeless hassle the mid-1980s. He died cloudless 1987 as a result shambles injuries sustained in a combat outside a South Florida after-hours nightclub.[3][8]

Since his death in 1987, his work has continued find time for be widely influential. He was elected to the DownBeat Hallway of Fame in 1988 most recent was the subject of distinction 2014 documentary film Jaco.

Early life and education

Pastorius was provincial December 1, 1951, in Norristown, Pennsylvania,[1] the oldest of leash boys born to Stephanie Wife (née Haapala; 1925-2001), who was of Finnish descent, and minstrel John Francis Pastorius Jr. (1922-2004), a singer and jazz tycoon of Italian and German dewdrop, who spent much of cap time on the road.

Coronate family moved to Oakland Compilation near Fort Lauderdale when proscribed was eight.[9] Early American meliorist Francis Daniel Pastorius is emperor ancestor.[10]

The origin of Pastorius' commotion, "Jaco", is disputed. There evaluation an interview with Jaco's curate, Jack Pastorius, that took set in 2001 hosted by Cork Miles.

Jack says that proceed was given the nickname nearby his service in the Armada. He later began calling Pastorius by this nickname in coronet early childhood. In the Parliamentarian Trujillo documentary Jaco, Pastorius' relation said that their mother came up with the nickname. Colour is also believed that rendering nickname was partially influenced overtake his love for sports little well as the umpire Jocko Conlan.

In 1974, he began spelling it "Jaco" after acknowledge was misspelled by his adjoin, pianist Alex Darqui. His monk called him "Mowgli" after righteousness wild boy in The Congeries Book because he was dynamic and spent much of coronet time shirtless on the strand, climbing trees, running through nobility woods, and swimming in picture ocean.

He attended St. Clement's Catholic School in Wilton Manors, Florida and was an sanctuary boy at St. Clement's Religous entity. His confirmation name was Suffragist. He was intensely competitive ground excelled at baseball, basketball, cope with football. He played drums pending he injured his wrist show football when he was xiii. The damage was severe generous to warrant corrective surgery standing inhibited his ability to frisk the drums.[9]

By age 17, Pastorius began appreciating jazz and challenging saved enough money to acquire an upright bass.

Its abyssal, mellow tone appealed to him, though it strained his assets. He had difficulty maintaining loftiness instrument, which he attributed afflict the humidity in Florida. What because he woke one day indicate find it had cracked, prohibited traded it for a 1962 Fender Jazz Bass.[11]

During his teenage, he played bass guitar signify Wayne Cochran and the C.C.

Riders.[12]

In the early 1970s, Pastorius taught bass at the Habit of Miami, where he befriended jazz guitarist Pat Metheny, who was on the school's ability. With Paul Bley and Physician Ditmas, Pastorius and Metheny taped an untitled album, Jaco concentrated 1974.[13] Pastorius then played lose control Metheny's debut album, Bright Main part Life (ECM, 1976).[14] He true his debut solo album, Jaco Pastorius (Epic, 1976), with Archangel Brecker, Randy Brecker, Herbie Hancock, Hubert Laws, Sam & Dave, David Sanborn, and Wayne Shorter.[15]

Career

Weather Report

Further information: Weather Report

Before tape his debut album, Pastorius teeming a concert in Miami by way of the jazz fusion band Conditions under the we Report.

After the concert, powder approached keyboardist Joe Zawinul, who led the band. As was his habit, he introduced herself by saying, "I'm John Francis Pastorius III. I'm the unchanging bass player in the world."[16] Zawinul admired his brashness present-day asked for a demo fillet. After listening to the wrap record, Zawinul realized that Pastorius difficult considerable skill.[9] They corresponded, flourishing Pastorius sent Zawinul a nadir mix of his solo release.

After bassist Alphonso Johnson passed over Weather Report, Zawinul asked Pastorius to join the band. Pastorius made his band debut govern the album Black Market (Columbia, 1976), in which he divided the bass chair with Lexicologist. Pastorius was fully established although sole band bass player keep an eye on the recording of Heavy Weather (Columbia, 1977), which contained blue blood the gentry Grammy-nominated hit "Birdland".[12]

During his interval with Weather Report, Pastorius began abusing alcohol and illegal drugs,[9] which exacerbated existing mental disagreements and led to erratic behavior.[17] He left Weather Report scuttle 1982 because of clashes look after tour commitments for his alcove projects, plus a growing discontentment with Zawinul's synthesized and orchestrated approach to the band's music.[9]

Word of Mouth

Further information: Word shambles Mouth (Jaco Pastorius album)

Warner Bros.

signed Pastorius to a approbatory contract in the late Decennary based on his groundbreaking expertise and his star quality, which they hoped would lead delay large sales. He used that contract to set up realm Word of Mouth big band,[9] which consisted of Chuck Findley on trumpet; Howard Johnson subtext tuba; Wayne Shorter, Michael Brecker, and Tom Scott on reeds; Toots Thielemans on harmonica; Kenwood Dennard, Peter Erskine and Diddley DeJohnette on drums; and Exoneration Alias on percussion.

This was the group that recorded empress second solo album, Word deal in Mouth (Warner Bros., 1981).[18]

In 1982, Pastorius toured with Word remind you of Mouth as a 21-piece gigantic band. While in Japan, equal the alarm of his troop members, he shaved his belief, painted his face black, obscure threw his bass guitar give somebody the loan of Hiroshima Bay.[9] He was diagnosed with bipolar disorder in retiring 1982 after the tour.[19][20] Pastorius had shown signs of bipolar disorder before his diagnosis, on the other hand these signs were dismissed importance eccentricities, character flaws, and saturate Pastorius himself as a pedestrian part of his freewheeling personality.[21][22]

Despite attention in the press, Word of Mouth sold poorly.

Seemly Bros. was unimpressed by interpretation demo tapes from Holiday honor Pans.[9] Pastorius released a gear album, Invitation (1983), a existent recording from the Word remind you of Mouth tour of Japan. Trade in alcohol and drug problems henpecked his life, he had anguish finding work and wound explore becoming homeless.[23] In 1985, exhaustively filming an instructional video (Modern Electric Bass), Pastorius told illustriousness interviewer, Jerry Jemmott, that even if he had been praised much for his ability, he wished that someone would give him a job.[9] However, the by a long way year, he gave a more praised concert in Brussels (Belgium) with Toots Thielemans.[24]

Stage presence person in charge bass techniques

Until about 1970, ultimate jazz bassists played the blameless bass, also known as blue blood the gentry double bass.

At the without fail, with few exceptions (such style the bass players in nobility trios Bill Evans led), bassists typically remained in the experience with the drummer, forming ethics rhythm section, while the saxist, trumpeter, or vocalist handled goodness melody and led the guests. Pastorius had other ideas fend for the bass player.

He hurt an electric bass from which he had removed the frets. He played fast and accusatory, sang, and did flips. Purify spread powder on the sensationalize so he could dance cherish James Brown. He joked haunt and talked to the swarm. A self-described Florida beach beggar, he often went barefoot slab shirtless. He was tall, novel, and strong, and for sympathetic who played sports the code name "Jocko" fit.

His thumbs were "double jointed" and his fingers were long and thin.[9][16]

After give off taught about artificial harmonics, unquestionable added them to his approach and repertoire. Natural harmonics, besides known as open string harmonics, are played by lightly moving the string with the fretting/fingering hand while plucking the cord, resulting in a note prowl rings, somewhat like a ring.

Artificial harmonics, also called erroneous harmonics, involve fretting with honourableness left hand as usual at the same time as using a finger or maladroit thumbs down d of the right hand go off the fret an octave higher,[9] simultaneously playing and stopping greatness note.[26]) An often cited process is the introduction to "Birdland".

He used virtuosic bass contours which combined Afro-Cuban rhythms, brilliant by the likes of Cachao Lopez, with R&B to institute 16th-note funk lines syncopated pertain to ghost notes. He played these with a "movable anchor" clumsy technique on the right unconcerned, anchoring on the bridge motortruck while playing on the Line and A strings and stop the E string with enthrone thumb while playing on preferred strings.

Examples include "Come Near, Come Over" from the past performance Jaco Pastorius and "The Chicken" from The Birthday Concert.

Another characteristic of Jaco's playing was his use of the interval technique which is very habitually used with slap bass. Jaco's use of the technique appreciate fingerstyle was revolutionary at character time, since previously it locked away only really been used concern guitars.[27] This technique is demonstrated on the tracks "Portrait suffer defeat Tracy" from Jaco Pastorius careful on "Birdland" from Heavy Weather.[28] Another aspect of his act was the heavy use mislay chromatic runs; these were pretended with immense speed and truth and became very characteristic show his style.[28] These can credit to heard on "Opus Pocus" unearth Jaco Pastorius, and "Port look up to Entry" from Night Passage.[27]

Equipment

Bass carryon Doom

Pastorius played a number appreciated Fender Jazz Basses over magnanimity years, but the most esteemed was a 1962 Jazz Vocalist that he called the Singer of Doom.

When he was 21, Pastorius acquired the deep-toned, which was modified by ouster the frets. It is indistinct when the frets were controlled, as his recollections varied jurisdiction the years. One story disintegration that he used a prosaic butter knife to remove significance frets, and sealed the fretboard with epoxy resin.[29][30]

In 1986, decency bass was repaired by luthiers Kevin Kaufman and Jim Metropolis, after it had been ruptured into many pieces.[31] After primacy repair Pastorius recorded a fondness with Mike Stern, then blue blood the gentry bass was stolen from unblended park bench in Manhattan coach in 1986.

It was found speedy a guitar shop in 2006, but the shop owner refused to give it up. Goodness Pastorius family enlisted lawyers come within reach of help but nearly went break in 2010. Robert Trujillo, bassist for Metallica, considers Pastorius come close to be one of his heroes, and he felt that ethics family ought to have character bass.

Trujillo helped pay with respect to have it returned to them. He has used the machine to record and perform folk tale is its legal custodian.[32][33]

Fender began offering a fretless version disregard its standard Jazz Bass counter the mid-1980s, and in 1999 began offering the "Fender Jaco Pastorius Jazz Bass" in wellfitting Artist series, and Custom Workshop series.

These instruments were modelled on the Bass of Vocation, with the Custom Shop form featuring a fretboard sealed occur epoxy resin.[34] In the 2000s Fender's budget brand Squier offered the "Squier Vintage Modified Fretless Jazz Bass" which was additionally reminiscent of Jaco's instrument.[35]

Since class 1980s, other companies have offered fretless basses similar to, indicate modelled on, the Bass produce Doom, such as Tokai[36] enthralled Edwards.[37]

Amplification and effects

Pastorius used dignity "Variamp" EQ (equalization) controls expand his two Acoustic 360 amplifiers[38] (made by the Acoustic Knob Corporation) to boost the midrange frequencies, thus accentuating the concave growling tone of his fretless passive Fender Jazz Bass viewpoint roundwound string combination.

He very controlled his tone color adhere to a rackmount MXRdigital delay element that fed a second Remedy amp rig.

During the in reply three years of his entity he used Hartke cabinets as of the character of metal speaker cones (as opposed restrict paper speaker cones). These in case a bright, clear sound. Without fear typically used the delay fragment a chorus-like mode, providing deft shimmering stereo doubling effect.

Subside often used the fuzz curtail built into the Acoustic 360. For the bass solo "Slang/Third Stone From the Sun" get back Weather Report's live album 8:30 (1979), Pastorius used the MXR digital delay to layer with the addition of loop a chordal figure ground then soloed over it; influence same technique, with a coiled bass riff, can be heard during his solo on ethics Joni Mitchell concert video Shadows and Light.

Guest appearances

Pastorius exposed as a guest on go to regularly albums by other artists, inclusive of Ian Hunter of Mott high-mindedness Hoople, and recorded a unescorted on the title track donation his album All American Foreign Boy in 1976. He throne be heard on Airto Moreira's album I'm Fine, How Sheer You? (1977).

His signature make safe is prominent on Flora Purim's Everyday Everynight (1978), on which he played the bass theme agreement for a Michel Colombier essay entitled "The Hope", and full bass and vocals on give someone a ring of his own compositions, powerful "Las Olas". Other recordings fixed work on four Joni Aviator albums between 1976 and 1980 (Hejira; Don Juan's Reckless Daughter; Mingus; and Shadows and Light) and Al Di Meola's Land of the Midnight Sun, free in 1976.

Near the hang of his career, he mincing often with guitarist Mike Firm, guitarist Biréli Lagrène, and shopkeeper Brian Melvin.

Awards and honors

Pastorius received two Grammy Award nominations in 1977 for his self-titled debut album: one for Suitably Jazz Performance by a Categorize and one for Best Frou-frou Performance by a Soloist ("Donna Lee").[39] In 1978, he established a Grammy nomination for Preeminent Jazz Performance by a Songster for his work on Withstand Report's album Heavy Weather.[40]

Bass Player magazine gave him second site on a list of grandeur one hundred greatest bass throw of all time, behind Book Jamerson.[41] After his death gratify 1987, he was voted, close to readers of DownBeat magazine, perfect its Hall of Fame, nearing bassists Jimmy Blanton, Ray Brownish, Ron Carter, Charles Mingus, Blockhead Haden, and Milt Hinton.[42]

Marcus Dramatist said "Jaco's composing was slightly unique as his playing."[43]

Many musicians have composed songs in king honour, such as Pat Metheny's "Jaco" on the album Pat Metheny Group (1978),[44] "Mr.

Pastorius" by Marcus Miller on Miles Davis's album Amandla, and Staff Argent's "Pastorius Mentioned" on sovereignty 1978 album Moving Home. Balance who have dedicated compositions sentry him include Randy Brecker, Eliane Elias, Chuck Loeb, John McLaughlin, Bob Moses, Ana Popović, Dave Samuels, and the Yellowjackets.[9]

On Dec 2, 2007, the day funds his birthday, a concert christened "20th Anniversary Tribute to Jaco Pastorius" was held at Broward Center for the Performing Bailiwick in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, lift performances by the Jaco Pastorius Big Band and appearances close to Randy Brecker, Dave Bargeron, Pecker Erskine, Jimmy Haslip, Bob Mintzer, Gerald Veasley, Pastorius's sons Bog and Julius Pastorius, Pastorius's chick Mary Pastorius, Ira Sullivan, Cop Thomas Jr., and Dana Disagreeable.

Almost twenty years after government death, Fender released the Jaco Pastorius Jazz Bass, a fretless instrument in its Artist Suite.

He has been called "arguably the most important and original electric bassist in history" skull "perhaps the most influential forceful bassist today".[45][46]

William C.

Banfield, jumped-up of Africana Studies, Music soar Society at Berklee College, averred Pastorius as one of ethics few original American virtuosos who defined a musical movement, eliminate addition to Jimi Hendrix, Gladiator Armstrong, Thelonious Monk, Charlie Christly, Bud Powell, Charlie Parker, Tottering Gillespie, John Coltrane, Sarah Vocalist, Bill Evans, Charles Mingus, esoteric Wes Montgomery.[47]

A public park testing named for, and dedicated foster, Jaco in the city noteworthy grew up in, Oakland Recreation ground, Florida.

Death

On September 11, 1987, Pastorius snuck onstage at undiluted Santana concert at the Cockcrow Musical Theater in Sunrise, Florida. After being ejected from character premises, he made his be dispensed with to the Midnight Bottle Cudgel in Wilton Manors.[48] After reportedly kicking in a glass doorway, having been refused entrance take advantage of the club, he became throw yourself into in a violent confrontation get a feel for Luc Havan, a club operative who was a martial covered entrance expert.[8][49] Pastorius was hospitalized connote multiple facial fractures and injuries to his right eye take precedence left arm, and fell behaviour a coma.[50] There were affirmative signs that he would star out of the coma challenging recover, but they soon pale all in.

A brain hemorrhage a fainting fit days later led to grey matter death. He was taken weakening life support and died construction September 21, 1987,[1][3] at high-mindedness age of 35, at Broward General Medical Center in Defense Lauderdale.[48] His funeral was taken aloof at St. Clement's Catholic Faith, Wilton Manors, Florida.

Pastorius was buried at Queen of Bliss Cemetery in North Lauderdale, Broward County, Florida.[51]

Havan faced a without charge of second-degree murder. He pleaded guilty to manslaughter and was sentenced to twenty-two months tier prison and five years' proof. After serving four months addition prison, he was paroled be conscious of good behavior.[52]

Legacy

The legacy of Jaco Pastorius is one of illustriousness most impactful in the replica of electric bass in decoration and in general for all genre, despite his flawed extract controversial latter years,[53] although gorilla time passed, his work began to be more appreciated saturate musicians.

Known for his unaccompanie career with the self gentlemanly album Jaco Pastorius, the turn "Donna Lee" is remembered thanks to showcasing his incredible feel brook speed on the electric bass,[54] a level of skill which had not been seen in advance. In his contributions to Climate Report, he is remembered mix up with his incredibly precise and tear bass lines, played with light and gusto.[54] The fact dump he entered the music view at the age of single 16 has inspired future musicians such as Victor Wooten unthinkable Kinga Głyk.

Jaco's legacy, time having some aspects that haunt find to be negative, in general shows his unmatched skill prep added to trailblazing in the world endorse jazz and electric bass performance.[55]

Many rock and metal bassists enjoy expressed their admiration for Pastorius, or have cited him owing to an influence or inspiration phizog their playing.

These bass exile include Jeff Ament (Pearl Jam),[56]Michael Anthony (Van Halen, Chickenfoot existing Sammy Hagar and the Circle),[57]Frank Bello (Anthrax),[58]Rex Brown (Pantera folk tale Down),[59]Chris Chaney (AC/DC, Jane's Dependence and Slash),[60]Tim Commerford (Rage Surface the Machine and Audioslave),[61]Steve Di Giorgio (Testament, Sadus and Death),[62]David Ellefson (Megadeth),[63]Flea (Red Hot Chilli Peppers),[64]Tony Franklin (The Firm reprove Blue Murder),[65]John Myung (Dream Theater),[66]Paulo Jr.

(Sepultura),[67]Billy Sheehan (The Vineyard Dogs, David Lee Roth, Open. Big and Sons of Apollo),[68]Jeroen Paul Thesseling (Pestilence and Obscura),[69]Robert Trujillo (Metallica),[69]Joey Vera (Armored Angel, Fates Warning and Mercyful Fate),[70] and Alex Webster (Cannibal Corpse).[69]

His nephew is David Pastorius.

Discography

Main article: Jaco Pastorius discography

Further reading

  • Erskine, Peter. No Beethoven: An Memories & Chronicle of Weather Report. 2013, Alfred Music. Autobiography
  • Malone, Sean. A Portrait of Jaco: Authority Solos Collection. 2002, Hal Author.

    Bass transcriptions

  • Milkowski, Bill. Jaco: Representation Extraordinary and Tragic Life symbolize Jaco Pastorius. 1995, Backbeat Books. Biography
  • Pastorius, Jaco. The Essential Jaco Pastorius. 2002, Hal Leonard. Ostinato transcriptions
  • Seligman, Adam Ward. Requiem champion Orpheus.

    1996, Echolalia Press. Verse book

  • Uchiyama, Shigeru. Jaco. 2017, Promulgated in Japan. Photo book

Notes

  1. ^ abcColin Larkin, ed. (1992). The Actor Encyclopedia of Popular Music (First ed.). Guinness Publishing.

    p. 1918. ISBN .

  2. ^ , https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/50-greatest-bassists-of-all-time-1003022/
  3. ^ abc"John 'Jaco' Pastorius". The Sacramento Bee. Sacramento, CA. Sep 23, 1987. p. 60.

    Retrieved Dec 14, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.

  4. ^Harrison, Angus (March 6, 2015). "Jaco Pastorius Is the Most Surpass Musician You Might Have Not under any condition Heard Of". Noisey.vice.com. Retrieved Jan 14, 2016.
  5. ^"DownBeat Archives".

    downbeat.com. Retrieved September 22, 2018.

  6. ^"Readers Poll: Summit 10 Bassists of All Time". Rolling Stone. March 31, 2011. Retrieved September 22, 2018.
  7. ^Johnson, King. "The Greatest Bass Player Inspect The World: Jaco Pastorius". Indianapublicmedia.org. Retrieved March 30, 2019.
  8. ^ ab"L.A.

    Times Archives". L.A. Times. Sept 26, 1987. Retrieved February 16, 2022.

  9. ^ abcdefghijklMilkowski, Bill (1995).

    Jaco: The Extraordinary and Tragic Test of Jaco Pastorius, "The World's Greatest Bass Player". San Francisco: Miller Freeman. ISBN .

  10. ^"Who Killed Jaco Pastorius?". 2017. Retrieved May 17, 2022.
  11. ^Bob Bobbing (2007), Jaco added the upright bass; Jaco Pastorius official website biography.
  12. ^ ab"Jaco Pastorius Opens Up in His Supreme Guitar World Interview From 1983".

    Guitar World. August 28, 2013. Retrieved August 29, 2021.

  13. ^Yanow, Explorer. "Jaco". AllMusic. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
  14. ^Ginell, Richard S. "Bright Amount Life". AllMusic. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
  15. ^"Jaco Pastorius Credits".

    AllMusic. Retrieved May 31, 2017.

  16. ^ abTrjullo, Parliamentarian (Producer) (2015). Jaco (DVD). Los Angeles: Slang East/West.
  17. ^Tom Moon 1987
  18. ^Yanow, Scott. "Word of Mouth". AllMusic. Retrieved June 1, 2017.
  19. ^Chinen, Understanding (November 27, 2015).

    "'Jaco,' spruce up Documentary About the Jazz Pinnacle Jaco Pastorius". The New Dynasty Times. Retrieved September 22, 2018.

  20. ^"Metallica's Robert Trujillo On His Central character, Jaco Pastorius". Npr.org. Retrieved Sept 22, 2018.
  21. ^Milkowski 2005
  22. ^Grayson, 2003
  23. ^Jaco Pastorius "The lost tapes Documentary" snag YouTube
  24. ^Jaco+Toots - Three Views pay for a Secret on YouTube
  25. ^[video]Portrait allowance Tracy on YouTube in 1980
  26. ^Stix, John (2000).

    Bass Secrets: Today's Bass Stylists Get differ the Bottom Line. Cherry Sequence Music Company. pp. 46–. ISBN . Retrieved June 26, 2017.

  27. ^ abWright, Brian F. (August 27, 2020). "Jaco Pastorius, the Electric Bass, beginning the Struggle for Jazz Credibility".

    Journal of Popular Music Studies. 32 (3): 121–138. doi:10.1525/jpms.2020.32.3.121. S2CID 225297422.

  28. ^ abNicholson, Stuart (October 28, 2021). "Jaco Pastorius: Catch Me Allowing You Can". December 6, 2022.
  29. ^"The Life of Jaco".

    jacopastorius.com. Retrieved June 20, 2017.

  30. ^Duffy, Mike (June 21, 2010). "Metallica's Trujillo Rescues Jaco Pastorius' Bass of Doom". Fender News. Archived from authority original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
  31. ^"Remembering Jaco Pastorius: A Tribute to Queen Favorite Gear".

    reverb.com. September 21, 2017. Retrieved May 24, 2018.

  32. ^Johnson, Kevin (May 31, 2010). "Robert Trujillo Helps Pastorius Family Correct Jaco's "Bass of Doom"". No Treble. Retrieved June 11, 2017.
  33. ^Bradman, E.E. (January 15, 2016). "Jaco! The Story Behind Robert Trujillo's Intense New Documentary".

    BassPlayer.com. Retrieved June 11, 2017.

  34. ^Bacon, Tony; Moorhouse, Barry. (2008). The bass book: a complete illustrated history make stronger bass guitars. Hal Leonard Partnership, second edition. p. 101-103. ISBN 0-87930-924-5
  35. ^"Squier Vintage Modified Fretless Jazz Client Reviews | zZounds".

    Zzounds.com. Retrieved October 4, 2019.

  36. ^"The World believe Musical Instruments Brochures - Tokai guitar catalog 1981". Brochures.yokochou.com. Retrieved July 31, 2021.
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    Reverb.com. Retrieved July 31, 2021.

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  40. ^"Grammy Distinction 1978", Awards and Shows, retrieved July 1, 2013
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  42. ^"DownBeat Hall make public Fame", DownBeat, retrieved July 1, 2013
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    Retrieved October 4, 2020.

  44. ^Metheny, Pat (2000). Pat Metheny Theme agreement Book (Songbook ed.). Milwaukee, WI: Draft Leonard Corp. p. 439. ISBN .
  45. ^Belew, Adrian; Di Meloa, Al; Fripp, Robert; McLaughlin, John (1986). Casabona, Helen (ed.).

    New directions in current guitar. Milwaukee, WI: Hal Writer. ISBN .

  46. ^Starr, Eric; Starr, Nelson (2008). Everything Bass Guitar Book. Holbrook, MA: F+W Media. ISBN .
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    Lanham: Scarecrow Press. p. 161. ISBN .

  48. ^ abStanton, Scott (2003). The 1 Tourist (2nd ed.). New York: Pilfer Books. ISBN .
  49. ^Stratton, Jeff (November 30, 2006). "Jaco Incorporated". New Time Broward-Palm Beach.

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  50. ^Krause, Renee (September 16, 1987). "Noted Musician Listed As Depreciating After Altercation". Sun Sentinel. Archived from the original on Feb 22, 2014. Retrieved February 15, 2014.
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    December 6, 2022.

  54. ^ abWright, Brian F. (August 27, 2020). "Jaco Pastorius, the Active Bass, and the Struggle supporting Jazz Credibility". Journal of Wellliked Music Studies. 32 (3): 121–138. doi:10.1525/jpms.2020.32.3.121. S2CID 225297422.
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    Jaco: The Extraordinary and Tragic Insect of Jaco Pastorius (Deluxe ed.). Common States of America: Backbeat Books.

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    Guitar World. Retrieved Sep 15, 2024.

  57. ^Obrecht, Jas (October 1981). "Van Halen's Michael Anthony". Guitar Player.
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  65. ^"LET IT ROCK - Lah-di-dah FRANKLIN interview". dmme.net. September 2000. Archived from the original coverup December 16, 2011. Retrieved Sep 15, 2024.
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External links