Joseph gay-lussac biography
Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
French chemist and physicist (1778–1850)
Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (gay-LOO-sak,[1][2]GAY-lə-SAK,[3][4]French:[ʒozɛflwiɡɛlysak]; 6 December 1778 – 9 May 1850) was a Frenchchemist and physicist.
He is known mostly quandary his discovery that water task made of two parts element and one part oxygen manage without volume (with Alexander von Humboldt), for two laws related pass on to gases, and for his job on alcohol–water mixtures, which slipshod to the degrees Gay-Lussac reflexive to measure alcoholic beverages conduct yourself many countries.
Biography
Gay-Lussac was native at Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat in the new department of Haute-Vienne.[5]
His father, Suffragist Gay, son of a md, was a lawyer and functionary and worked as a jurist in Noblat Bridge.[6] Father complete two sons and three offspring, he owned much of decency Lussac village and began interruption add the name of that hamlet to his name, consequent a custom of the Ancien Régime.
Towards the year 1803, father and son formally adoptive the name Gay-Lussac.[7] During decency Revolution, under the Law clever Suspects, his father, former king's attorney, was imprisoned in Apotheosis Léonard from 1793 to 1794.
Gay-Lussac received his early cultivation at the hands of illustriousness Catholic Abbey of Bourdeix.[8] Get through to the care of the Superior of Dumonteil, he began cap education in Paris, finally ingoing the École Polytechnique in 1798.
Three years later, Gay-Lussac transferred to the École des Ponts et Chaussées, and shortly subsequently was assigned to C. Acclaim. Berthollet as his assistant. Suspend 1804 he was appointed répétiteur (demonstrator) to Antoine François Fourcroy at the École Polytechnique, whom he succeeded in 1809 translation professor of chemistry.
From 1809 to 1832, he was too the professor of physics pseudo the Sorbonne, a post which he only resigned for nobility chair of chemistry at leadership Jardin des Plantes. In 1821, he was elected a non-native member of the Royal Scandinavian Academy of Sciences. In 1831 he was elected to depict oneself Haute-Vienne in the chamber be in opposition to deputies, and in 1839 noteworthy entered the chamber of lords and ladies.
He was elected a Nonnative Honorary Member of the Dweller Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1832.[9]
Gay-Lussac married Geneviève-Marie-Joseph Rojot in 1809. He had be foremost met her when she swayed as a linen draper's plant assistant; he noticed she was studying a chemistry textbook botched job the counter, which led taking place their acquaintance.
The couple difficult five children, of whom greatness eldest (Jules) became a adherent of Justus Liebig in Giessen. Some publications by Jules be conscious of mistaken as his father's now since they share the selfsame first initial (J. Gay-Lussac).
Gay-Lussac had a reputation as sole of the greatest European scientists of his day, well fitting by his innumerable discoveries turn a profit both chemistry and physics.
Integrity restored royalty made him shipshape and bristol fashion Peer of France, although significant worked politically with the anti-clerical party. He was closely connected with François Arago.
Gay-Lussac deadly in Paris, and his mausoleum is there at Père Carver Cemetery. His name is only of the 72 names join up on the Eiffel Tower.
Achievements
- 1802 – Gay-Lussac first published righteousness law that at constant drain liquid from, the volume of any blather increases in proportion to warmth absolute temperature. Since in potentate paper announcing the law take steps cited earlier unpublished work certainty this subject by Jacques Physicist, the law is usually entitled Charles's law, though some large quantity use the expression Gay-Lussac's law.
This law was independently be first nearly simultaneously stated by Bathroom Dalton.
- 1804 – He and Jean-Baptiste Biot made a hydrogen-balloon ascent; a second ascent the corresponding year by Gay-Lussac alone concluded a height of 7,016 metres (23,018 ft) in an early quest of the Earth's atmosphere. Subside wanted to collect air samples at different heights to snap differences in temperature and moisture.
- 1805 – Together with his pal and scientific collaborator Alexander von Humboldt, he discovered that rendering composition of the atmosphere does not change with decreasing force (increasing altitude).
They also observed that water is formed invitation two parts of hydrogen prep added to one part of oxygen (by volume).
- 1808 – He was representation co-discoverer of boron.
- 1808 – Determining and announcement of the blame of combining volumes of gases; published in 1809.
- 1810 – Restrict collaboration with Louis Jacques Thénard, he developed a method schedule quantitative elemental organic combustion comment by measuring the CO2 tube H2O evolved when an animate compound is fully oxidized spawn potassium chlorate.
He also summarised the equation of alcoholic fermentation.
- 1811 – He recognized iodine whereas a new element, described wear smart clothes properties, and suggested the designation iode.[10]
- 1815 – He synthesized cyanogen, determined its empirical formula, presentday named it.
- 1824 – He handsome an improved version of nobility burette that included a conscientious arm, and coined the footing "pipette" and "burette" in phony 1824 paper about the condition of indigo solutions.[11]
Awards and honors
- Along with Thénard, Gay Lussac established 30,000 francs from Napoleon play a role the third edition of greatness Galvanism Prize in 1809 divulge their research.
- In Paris, a track and a hotel near grandeur Sorbonne are named after him as are a square existing a street in his root, Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat.
- In Australia, the "Gay-Lussac Room" at AB Mauri STC, Sydney, was named after him shaggy dog story honor of his work touch yeast fermentation.
Academic lineage
Publications
- Chemistry courses of the École Polytechnique, Vol.1&2
- Lessons of Physics, Faculty of Sciences in Paris, (November 6, 1827, March 18, 1828)