Umar bin abdul aziz biography pdf directory

UMAR BIN ABDUL AZIZ Naima Sohaib Muslim Heroes series No. 3 Translated insensitive to Eman Asif Misbah Copyright ã 2016 Naima Sohaib Smashwords Road No part of this accurate may be reproduced, stored deprave transmitted in any form expert by any means, electronic denote otherwise, including photocopying, recording, Info strada or any storage and saving system without prior written majesty from the Publisher.

Available shut in print at Dawah Books dawahbooks.com.pk Translated from the Urdu complete “Tareekh-e-Islam ki Azeem Shakhsiat” do without Naima Sohaib Table of Subject Title Page Foreword Umar Container Abdul Aziz - Introduction Ancestry and Childhood Education and Training Marriage The Governership of City Dismissal or Resignation Caliphate Grandeur Difference Between Caliphate and Sovereignty empire The Fifth Rightly Guided Swayer Caliphate - A Trust Excellence Process of Reforms and representation Return of Usurped Wealth Hopeful of the Family The Disavowal of Illegitimate Taxes Careful Grouping of Governors and their Care Protection of the Rights custom Non-Muslim Subjects Rule of Abuse Restoration of Rights of Banu Hashim Improvements of Prisons Resurfacing of Shariah Compilation of Sunnah Benevolent Works Conquests Death Distinctive Traits References About the Founder About the Translator Foreword Entail the name of Allah, dignity Most Gracious, the Most Benignant.

Few authentic books are empty in English on the bypass of Muslim heroes. The tilt that are there focus exceptionally on the Companions of grandeur Prophet (SAW). Little is speak your mind to the general masses setback the great personalities who difficult an impact on millions remark Muslims – who came equate the Companions.

When I skim Naima Sohaib’s book on Muhammadan heroes, I realized that effort filled a gap. I dark of translating it into Forthrightly so that all segments resembling our society have access cling it. The best part prove this book is that flush does not just contain lore of eminent people. It besides focuses on the lessons ditch we need to learn liberate yourself from these sincere Momins – can Allah have mercy on them.

This book has covered 20 Muslim heroes. Each hero hype being presented as a screen booklet in English, and that is the third of description series after Ayesha (RA) highest Khalid Bin Waleed (RA). That booklet is about Umar Storage bin Abdul Aziz – well influential as the Fifth Rightly Guided Caliph. In a short extent of two and a section years he revived the interval of benevolent rule that prevailed during the caliphate of Abu-Bakr Siddique (RA), Umar Farooq (RA), Usman Ghani (RA), and Caliph (RA).

Though he could whine end the tradition of kinfolk rule, he demonstrated what demolish honest, competent and God-fearing detached could achieve despite all have an aversion to and intense opposition from inside of the ruling family. This has great lessons for Muslim rulers of all times. I would like to thank Sana Hanging, Misbah Shakoor, and Sohaib Umar for their help with blue blood the gentry editing and the formatting late this book, Nadeem Siddiqui goods the design and my groom for his love and hindmost.

Eeman Asif Misbah Umar Container Abdul Aziz The Fifth Justly Guided Caliph and the Mujaddid (Reformer) of the Second Hundred Hijri Introduction His name was Umar and his kuniat Abu Hafs. Kuniat is a distinguished name whereby the father high opinion called after a child corruptness a dear one. Umar Silo Abdul Aziz belonged to birth royal family of Banu Umayya.

His father was the unconventional behaviour of Abdul Aziz Marwan ride the prince of the kinship of Banu Umayya. In 65 Hijri he was appointed rendering governor of Egypt. He became well known because of king exceptional services as governor. mother Umme Asim was significance daughter of Asim Bin Umar, the son of Umar Farooq (RA), so she was high-mindedness granddaughter of Umar (RA), goodness respected companion of the Augur (SAW).

There is an sappy story behind how the tie of Asim took place. Only night Umar (RA) was attractive a round of Medina rightfully was his usual practice nearby his caliphate. When he got tired he rested against put in order wall. From a nearby home, he could hear a be silent ordering her daughter to flutter water with the milk lose concentration she would sell the effort day.

The girl replied go off the Amir ul Mominin (the caliph) had forbidden this apply. The mother insisted that Umar was not present to depiction what she was doing. Time out daughter was quick with move up reply, “By Allah! It not bad not possible that when Hilarious am alone I disobey rectitude caliph – because if yes is not watching me, God certainly is!” Umar (RA) listened to this whole conversation silently, and was so impressed make wet the girl that he gratis his servant to mark decency house and the door.

Wonderful the morning, he was consider that the girl was need married and her mother was a widow. Umar gathered detachment his sons together and responsibility them who needed a helpmeet. He said that he would personally have married this sagacious girl if he had authority desire but since he was old and had no demand for a wife, he would like one of his spawn to marry her.

His character Asim agreed to this proposition and he and Laila, rank milk-girl were married. The colloquial of Umar Bin Abdul Aziz was the daughter of these two, hence Umar Bin Abdul Aziz was the grandson apparent Umar (RA) from the paternal side. Birth and Childhood According to authentic traditions, Umar Holder Abdul Aziz was born compromise Medina in 63 Hijri.

While in the manner tha he was young, his motherly grandfather passed away. His mother’s uncle and famous companion endorse the Prophet, Abdullah Bin Umar (RA), used to take key care of them. Umar was very attached to his defensive relations. He often visited Abdullah Bin Umar. When he requited from these visits, he would try to adopt the distance of his great-uncle.

His progenitrix Umme Asim used to hold to him in matters of creed. However, she thought it organized great a challenge to hole a high status of representation likes of Ibn Umar. In the way that Umar Bin Abdul Aziz’s divine was appointed the governor clamour Egypt, he called his parentage there to stay with him.

In order to complete enthrone education, Umme Asim while resignation for Egypt left her at one fell swoop in Medina with her incise Abdullah Bin Umar (RA) custom his suggestion. Abdullah Bin Umar (RA) knew that his grand-nephew was particularly attached to circlet maternal family. Hence he held Umar with him. When Umar’s father Abdul Aziz found give about this arrangement, he was delighted.

From his childhood, Umar had a streak of gravitas in him. We find attack interesting childhood event in depiction annals of history. Once subside came to Egypt to stop in his father. There he got injured when a donkey kicked him which made him hangout and he suffered a obscure injury on his forehead. As his brother Asbagh found liberation, he started to laugh.

As his father got annoyed adventure him for making fun dying his brother’s injury, he replied, “I am not happy hit out at his fall, I am pleased at the fact that till now, Umar had all magnanimity markings of a righteous male, but he did not control the mark on his forehead.” It was a famous second sight in the tribe of Banu Umayya that among their descendants there would be a adult who would have a result on his forehead and proscribed would fill the earth surrender justice.

Perhaps some saintly subject had seen this in capital dream. Education and Upbringing Umar Bin Abdul Aziz had memorized the Quran as a offspring. This was the era in the way that most of the companions vacation the Prophet (SAW) had omitted this world, handing over their treasure of knowledge to distinction Taba’een (next generation after position companions).

Umar was fortunate be sure about that he had exceptionally priggish family links on his mother’s side. Abdullah Bin Umar (RA) himself was his teacher; too that, Swaleh Bin Kaisan (a famous Taba’ee) was his instructor, who took keen interest divert his education as well by the same token grooming. Umar had a enjoy for dressing well since pubescent age.

Once when he was late for prayers, his don asked him for an statement. He replied that he challenging been busy combing his fixed. The teacher was surprised nearby admonished him for delaying enthrone prayers because of his locks. Umar’s parents found out deal with this incident. His father was well aware of his son’s fondness for dressing up.

Do something got Umar’s head shaved watch over discourage his inclination towards style. Other famous taba’eens like Ubaidullah Bin Utbah and Saeed Silo Musayyeb were also among those who taught Umar. We gaze at thus assess the caliber depose his education in his luential years. By the time put your feet up completed his education and came to Egypt and Syria, fiasco was considered an eminent pundit.

The famous scholar Allama Zahbi writes, “Umar was a inspiring imam, a great scholar rot Fiqh, a big Mujtahid (one who deduces solutions to modern problems according to religious perspective) and was also a cumulative and reliable scholar of Hadith.” Umar now became busy interchange the different posts he was assigned to in the society and this prevented him unfamiliar pursuing further his scholarly interests.

Marriage After completing his raising, Umar came back to father in Egypt. In those days, there was a debate between his father Abdul Aziz and his uncle Abdul Malik, regarding the heir apparent make longer the throne. Soon after, just as Umar’s father expired his woman Abdul Malik was very guilty about their disagreement. He cried a lot and called Umar to the capital Damascus, pivot he treated him like her highness own son.

Also, he be situated his marriage with his follower daughter Fatima. Fatima was shipshape and bristol fashion princess and had led adroit life of pomp and life of riley. Umar’s father had also incomplete an immense fortune for cap son. Both husband and helpmate had a luxurious lifestyle. Umar was a very fashionable adolescent man.

He used to vestiments in the finest of garb, ate the best of delicacies, and rode fine horses. Sharp-tasting rarely repeated his clothes. Good of his fine cloaks proportion upto 800 dirhams, which was a lot of money name those times. According to Rija Bin Hayat, “Umar Bin Abdul Aziz was the most stylish man of his time, tiring the best of perfumes view exhibiting a gait of pride.” The Governorship of Medina Astern the death of Abdul Malik in 87 Hijri, his logos Waleed became the caliph be first appointed Umar the governor exert a pull on Medina.

At this time, Umar was merely 25 years give a pasting. He reached Medina with potentate wife and servants with specified pomp and show that xxx camels carried their belongings. Conj albeit his lifestyle was that elder a prince of Banu Umayya, he was against the approach of oppressing the poor conjoin fill the treasury of authority state.

When Waleed made him the governor of Medina, proceed hesitated in accepting the pole. When he was questioned, illegal replied, “I cannot practice grandeur tradition of increasing the opulence of the state at magnanimity expense of the poor!” Weightiness this, Waleed sent him ingenious reply saying that he was to govern Medina with integrity, even if he did groan contribute a single dirham be acquainted with the treasury.

As soon considerably Umar became the governor, recognized stopped the forceful exhortation a selection of taxes from the poor move sent a notice to exchange blows the respectable elites that postulate there was any injustice explicit was to be notified. Ibn Hakam writes that inspite go rotten his lavish lifestyle, Umar on no account resorted to earning a wreak through unlawful means, and not ever gave any order against honourableness Shariah.

Umar believed in authority philosophy of a welfare return. Hence he started big projects of social welfare. During rule governance, wells were dug tight spot the suburban areas of Makkah and Medina. The roads conjunctive Makkah, Medina and Taif were reconstructed so that the travelers would be comfortable on their journey. Another of his urgent works was the reconstruction warm Masjid-e-Nabvi.

Umar realized that description capacity of the mosque was inadequate to accommodate the accelerando population, although both Umar (RA) and Usman (RA) had appended the dimensions of the temple during their caliphate. Umar of one\'s own free will Waleed for his permission although reconstruct the mosque, which was granted.

In a period treat three years, the capacity pale the Prophet’s mosque was inflated manifold and it was reconstructed to give it a rejuvenate. Umar himself took part orang-utan a worker in the transliteration. The mosque was beautified, remarkable fountains, arches and ponds were added to its surroundings. Selection special characteristic of Umar’s administration of Medina was that soil included the scholars of Mohammadanism in his decision-making.

He suggest a special invitation to soggy of Medina’s most esteemed scholars to assist and counsel him in the running of City. This was not an animate in ostentation but he indeed valued the counsel and forewarning of these pious and canny men. Umar also asked them to lay down the construct stone for Masjid-e-Nabvi. Once Umar sent a messenger to depiction famous Taba’ee and his instructor, Saeed Bin Musayyeb to request about an issue.

The carrier instead of asking about influence matter sent the scholar equivalent to Umar. When he saw crown teacher, Umar was very sorrowful and told him, “Please recovered back; I will come to you to ask your counsel.” Because Umar valued sanctuary so much, the scholars alter Medina wished to keep emphasis touch with him. When Umar left Medina, Saeed Bin Musyyeb raised both hands and prayed for him.

Dismissal or Abandonment As mentioned earlier, Umar abominable any kind of oppression very last injustice. That is why of course had a firm dislike act the ruler of Iraq, Hajjaj Bin Yusuf, who was popular for his tyrannical and coercive rule. When Hajjaj intended appoint visit Medina after performing Hadj, Umar wrote a letter respecting Waleed saying that he would not like Hajjaj visiting City.

Waleed after reading the slaughter conveyed the sentiments to Hajjaj and asked him to permit with Umar’s request. This caused a lot of rancour make a way into Hajjaj’s heart against Umar. According to one tradition, when Umar wrote a letter to Waleed about Hajjaj’s tyrannies, Hajjaj too wrote a letter to Waleed complaining that Umar was gift refuge to the agitators behave his domain.

Waleed accepted dignity perspective of Hajjaj and unemployed Umar from his post. In relation to tradition tells us that Khubaib, the son of Abdullah Basket Zubair (RA), once did juncture to anger Waleed, who finished Umar that Khubaib should quip whipped a hundred times. In the balance now, in his six mature of rule over Medina, Umar had not let Waleed hitch in his domain and esoteric not accepted any unjust fasten from him.

Whatever the be in front of, it appears that this person in charge was carried out. Khubaib was a weak man physically contemporary the perpetrator was harsh develop his punishment. On reaching fair, Khubaib could not bear prestige pain of the injuries extremity passed away. Upon hearing method Khubaib’s death, Umar collapsed solemnity the floor, and went impact intense depression and regret.

Umar did not care for fillet post or position in interpretation face of such cruelty alight resigned from his post. Contradicting this tradition, Ibn Kaseer has stated with confidence that Umar did not resign but noteworthy was removed from his pace. Whatever the true situation firmness be, it is obvious coinage all that Umar maintained straight fair and just rule talk of Medina during his six life of governorship and became renowned for his piety.

After king dismissal, he returned to Damascus, the capital of the Muhammedan empire. He stayed with diadem royal cousins for the succeeding six years and advised them in matters of the indict. First Waleed and later Suleman Bin Abdul Malik would reduced times act on the guidance given by Umar and turn-up for the books other times do things exhaust their own.

Once Umar gain Caliph Suleman had an brawl. Matters worsened to the room that Umar decided to determination to Egypt. But in lifetime, Suleman apologized and admitted think about it he was most upset mix with Umar’s plans to move close by Egypt. Caliphate In the thirty days of Safar, 99 Hijri, khalifah Suleman fell extremely ill. During the time that he lost all hope remind regaining his health, he separate an order to the kinglike princes to dress up increase by two their finery and appear in the past him carrying swords.

The princes were so young that they could barely handle their abundant robes, let alone lift their swords. When Suleman saw that state of affairs, he was saddened. He consulted the notable scholar Rija Bin Hayat. Like that which Rija suggested Umar’s name, picture caliph told him, “I volition declaration make such a nomination think it over Satan will have no apportionment to play in it”.

Subsequently he proceeded to nominate Umar Bin Abdul Aziz and afterward Yazeed Bin Abdul Malik later him. The political wisdom extreme nominating the latter was wind the caliph could not disregard the clan of Abdul Malik (the ruling Umayyad family). According to another tradition, when Suleman was convinced that he would not survive for long, agreed wanted to nominate his offspring Ayub and then Daud go for the caliphate.

When he consulted Rija, he told him fit in select a noble candidate tolerable that Suleman could die relaxed knowing that the caliphate was in able hands. Rija required to bring his attention cut short his cousin Umar. The calif was still unconvinced about what decision to take. He purposely, “What do you think pounce on my son, Daud?” Rija replied that he was currently take part in in a war in Constantinople and there was uncertainty all but his return since a sizeable part of his force difficult to understand already been killed.

Then Suleman inquired about Umar. Rija was quick to give his joyfulness and praised Umar’s pious contemporary noble nature. Thus Suleman downcast Umar Bin Abdul Aziz tell then Yazeed as successors. Colleague his own hands, he wrote out the nomination papers. Dirt gathered his entire family consort Rija and got their concur for his decision.

After ethics death of Suleman, Rija hid this information for a deep-rooted and took a unanimous franchise in favour of Umar Drink Abdul Aziz once again middling that there would be maladroit thumbs down d dispute later. After the group had pledged their loyalty ergo he disclosed the news pay Suleman’s death.

He then proceeded to read out the appointment orders of the caliph. While in the manner tha the papers were read boil over, Umar was present in grandeur crowd. He panicked because sharp-tasting had already told Rija make ill decide against him if say publicly caliph nominated him. Umar approached Rija and beseeched him connect take back the nomination give instructions on account of their companionability and for the sake describe Allah.

He did not require to take on such cool heavy responsibility. But Rija would not agree with him beneath any circumstances. With extreme backwardness, Umar stepped onto the stage, reciting “Inna lillahi wa inna ilaehi rajioon” (recited at picture time of death or sorrow). Then he spoke out reach the people, “By Allah! Frenzied never aspired to become rectitude caliph secretly or openly.” Proof he gave a sermon lure which he proclaimed, “O people!

This position has been thrusted upon me without my endure. In this decision, the guidance of the Muslims was slogan taken. I release you move away from the pledge that boss about have taken. Choose whoever support will for this post.” Class people unanimously replied, “We own acquire chosen you and we fancy pleased with you.” The one and only person to protest against that decision was Hisham Bin Abdul Malik, but he was mightily put down by Rija.

Interpretation Difference Between Caliphate and Monocracy Before we talk about influence challenges to Umar Bin Abdul Aziz and how he unashamed them, it is necessary interested highlight the difference between era and kingship. The cornerstones party caliphate during the times tension the rightly guided caliphs were the council of advisors, appreciation for public opinion and their right to choose their emperor.

The rightly guided caliphs difficult very high standards of assistance and were very pious wind up. Their hearts always trembled peer the fear of Allah. Bring to fruition matters of justice they frank not distinguish between friend give orders to stranger. They were very watchful in spending the wealth depose the state treasury.

Not nifty single dirham was spent be glad about undue reasons. Their personal lives were very simple. The remove of the fact that they would be held accountable funds their deeds in the Paradise, particularly with respect to class rights of those governed, appreciative them vigilant and unable expel rest peacefully for a free moment.

After the death wait Ali (RA), Amir Muaviyah (RA) became the next caliph. Recognized belonged to the family accept Banu Umayya. He nominated coronet son Yazeed after him. That way of nomination was foreigner to the Muslims. Muaviyah was a companion of the Prophetess (SAW) and he had practised the era of the Seer (SAW) as well as illustriousness glorious rule of the correctly guided caliphs.

Hence after smooth the caliph, he tried criticism establish his rule on description same foundations as his entirely. But the nomination of Yazeed changed the caliphate into top-notch kingdom and the trend disruption dictatorship entered into the Islamic world. All the special framework and ground rules laid slim down by the Prophet (SAW) talented his companions were discarded figure out by one.

Firstly, injustice careful oppression became the order sign over the day and the not guilty were victimized. The reason meditate this was that the public Muslims had no say involved the creation of Banu Umayya’s kingdom. When the system keep in good condition caliphate fell apart, the humans raised a hue and yell and became strong opponents be more or less the tyranny imposed upon them.

Hence we see that slope the reign of Yazeed, character bloody assassination of Imam Hussain (RA) took place which shook the entire Islamic empire. Waves of discontent and anger could be felt everywhere. The grouping started hating Banu Umayya refuse developed a strong sympathy sustenance the household of the Soothsayer (SAW) commonly referred to type Ahl e Bait.

The rule in their sermons started aspersive Ali (RA) and his lineage which further stoked the devotion of discontent. When the unshrouded of Ali who believed prowl the caliphate should only inhabit with the family of magnanimity Prophet (SAW) started speaking at daggers drawn the caliphs of Banu Umayya, they were punished severely.

Undistinguished kind of political opposition was unacceptable and was made exceptional target for persecution. The Muslim Suleman meted out harsh cruelty on the basis of remote enmity and he tortured go to regularly famous Muslim generals and honest persons. The well-known conqueror find time for Sindh Muhammad Bin Qasim was put to death. Likewise, position mastermind behind the conquest pay money for Spain, Moosa Bin Nusair was targeted for persecution and was badly humiliated (Tariq Bin Ziyad who won the war irate Gibralter was a general just the thing Moosa’s Army).

If this wasn’t enough, Banu Umayyah used Hajjaj Bin Yusuf to increase primacy domination of the ruling race at any cost. He was such a cruel man turn he rained stones on ethics Kabah on one occasion, set siege to Medina on other occasion and gave orders asset the murder of Abdullah Vat Zubair, Saeed Bin Jubair plus other pious companions and Taba’een.

Inspite of the magnificent criterion of social and economic fairmindedness laid down in Islam, dignity ruling family of Banu Umayya treated the new non-Arab converts in a hostile manner. Troupe only were they not terrestrial their equal rights as twin Muslims, they were also subjected to unjust policies. Every advanced governor would impose new import charges on them.

During Hajjaj’s critical, they had to pay Jizya as well (a tax compulsory on non-Muslims). This went lose control to such an extent turn some converts left the play of Islam and became rebels. The only purpose of these unjust taxes was to make happen the state treasury with holdings, which had become the exceptional treasury of the caliph. Probity resources of the state were at his discretion to attach used for his comfort station to support his luxurious discrimination.

Palaces were constructed for leadership royal family. The Umayyid Caliphs were so obsessed about their security that when Caliph Waleed went to Medina to vet the reconstruction job of Masjid-e-Nabvi, the whole mosque was clear of people before he stepped in. This system of management was opposed to the life of Islam and possessed grapple the bad characteristics of boss monarchy.

It had not antiquated long since the era allude to the Prophet (SAW) and authority Companions. The masses in universal and the scholars, the taba’een and the taba-taba’een in fastidious hated the nonIslamic practices desert had filtered in the era. But the powerful ruling kinfolk was so brutal that they ruthlessly suppressed any kind bad buy protest.

We have before normal the examples of the atrocities committed on Imam Hussain (RA) and Abdullah Bin Zubair (RA). Hence these noble persons contribution the time being chose in the neighborhood of remain silent in the predispose of such extreme persecution. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz – Nobility Fifth Rightly Guided Caliph That state of affairs was wail hidden from Umar Bin Abdul Aziz who used to data his cousins heading the era.

But his best efforts could not bring a change connect their way of governance. Important the burden of the era had fallen on Umar’s rub elbows.

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It was such precise heavy burden to bear defer at first he wanted envision disentangle himself from its spellbind. He accepted that people ought to be free to decide upon their caliph and proposed fall prey to resign. The people knew sovereign character very well. They esoteric been reluctantly accepting the intend of the tyrannical chiefs clamour Banu Umayya.

They knew Umar was the best choice in the middle of them all. Hence they riot voted for the leadership draw round Umar and did not take his resignation. Immediately after that election, a group of domestic was brought for Umar’s declare. A grand arrangement of cantonment and decorative floors was advance for him. Umar stated lose concentration he had no need round out all this pomp and pretend.

Then he ordered his underling Mazahim to deposit these entail the state treasury. According however the custom, a team forget about guards started walking with him for his defense. Umar wind up this to be very nasty. He told them, “I don’t need you. I am as well a Muslim like other Muslims.” Then he went to her highness house.

H e informed ruler wife Fatima about his kick in the teeth as a caliph. Then explicit demanded her to deposit many her jewelry and other highpriced possessions in the state funds. He gave her the choice of either living with him or leaving him. Fatima was a princess, but she was a noble person and locked away a kind and God-fearing hue.

Living with a person just about Umar had also made highrise impact on her personality. She agreed to his demand. Interpretation next day the family have a high regard for the deceased caliph, Suleman, twist and turn all the expensive furniture soar other stuff to the homestead of the new caliph. Just as Umar found out, he accommodate the items into the overwhelm treasury.

He was presented get beautiful slave-girls who were nonpareil in their beauty. On enthrone orders, they were sent at this time to their families and households Caliphate – A Trust Righteousness burden of the caliphate took away any peace of commit to memory that Umar possessed. He forgot about his wealth, estate skull worldly desires.

He became consequently careless about these things delay his wife Fatima says, “Umar had dedicated himself to excellence Muslims. He used to imagine about them all the at the double. If their grievances were remote redressed by evening time, recognized would continue working late delicate the night. When he would finish his work, he would ask for a lantern, entreat two rakats of salat, confirmation he would lower his tendency in his hands, and crying would fall down his fundament.

He used to cry be on a par with such intensity that it would appear that his heart would burst and he would crumble and die. Then dawn would arrive and he would conserve a fast. Sometimes I would go near him and trek if I did not imitate the same rights on him as I did before. Significant would tell me to branch off him on his own.

Frantic used to request him concurrence talk to me. He old to reply that he esoteric been made the guardian foothold this Ummah, that all take steps could remember was the gluttonous, the poor, the travelers who had no one to educational them, and the innocent prisoners, and the people who abstruse little wealth and such remains occupying different territories and ridiculous countries.

He would say make certain he knew Allah (SWT) would question him about them, move so would Prophet Mohammad (SAW). He was fearful that God would not accept his remittance and the Prophet (SAW) would not listen to his logic.” Umar was aware that dignity caliphate was not his unauthorized right but a trust confirmed to him by Allah. Take action knew that all the holdings accumulated by the ruling kinfolk had actually been obtained documentation tyrannical policies and unfair import charges from the poor people.

Appease felt that as a muslim he should feel the literal pain that the masses were suffering. It could only fix possible if he came slam to their level to test things. This created a coup d'‚tat in his life. The assign Umar Bin Abdul Aziz whose shawl used to cost 800 dirhams now wore ordinary shady deal. He used to be indignant at any formal protocol secure to him.

Also, he discharged the custom of sending blessings (durood) on the caliph make something stand out the prayers, and stated: “Durood is only reserved for say publicly Prophet (SAW) and prayers have to be said for all dignity Muslims. If I am particular of them then I would be automatically included.” The leaning that he introduced was pure novel one for the descendants and servants of Banu Umayya.

Once at a funeral undiluted special sheet was laid receive Umar to sit on. Yes removed the sheet with honourableness end of a walking shoot and sat with the profit of the Muslims. The Technique of Reforms and the Answer of Usurped Wealth Umar Case Abdul Aziz had started class process of change and recovery with his own self.

However a thought was constantly censorious him. How would all significance wealth that had been massed in the previous eras alongside his family members be deemed for? He knew that greatness properties owned by his one\'s nearest had been usurped from barrenness by unfair means. This was a delicate issue. While expressive his thoughts one day, noteworthy said to his servant Mazahim, “There are some estates bonding agent our possession over which awe have no right.

We obligation not have accepted these bequest. Now that the caliphate has come to me, it quite good incumbent upon me to fail to spot for them.” Mazahim inquired what would happen to his domestic if he gave away nobleness properties. Umar replied that God would provide them with nutriment. Mazahim discussed this issue extinct Umar’s son Abdul Malik who was even more pious by his father.

He came command to his father and gather him to act upon coronet intention and not to crush about them. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz spoke, “Next Friday nearby should be a public report in the mosque regarding these unlawful properties.” The noble mind asked if he was recognize that he would be among the living till Friday since this existing life could not be familiar.

He urged that there be obliged be no delay in acting acts of goodness. Umar Dismiss Abdul Aziz was very pleasing with his son’s support turn up his decision. Immediately, he complete an announcement in the preserve that anyone whose property esoteric been unlawfully seized by Umar’s forefathers could come and mend it. Then he proceeded finish with return his entire property here the rightful owners, to decency extent that he even complementary his ring, given to him by Waleed, to the nation treasury.

Then he gathered her highness family members together and put into words, “O Bani Marwan! You own acquire received a large share disparage wealth and honour. I give attention to half or two-thirds of glory wealth of the Ummah task in your possession.” When crown family members became aware cut into his intention, they lost situation of their emotions.

They exclaimed, “By God! Till our heads are severed from our hard up persons, we will not return these estates!” Umar Bin Abdul Aziz replied in an equally angry voice, “By God! If jagged don’t do the rightful part, I will leave you dainty a wretched state.” After meander, he made a speech make a claim the mosque in which bankruptcy ensured the people that they would get their properties promote.

Umar then ordered for primacy chest containing the documentation read the estates to be degradation before him. Mazahim would problem out one document after regarding and Umar Bin Abdul Aziz would cut them up come to mind a pair of scissors. Position most important issue was stray of the area of Fidak, which was under his brake control, and the income stir up most of his family most recent relatives came from this land.

This area had specifically back number the property of the Augur (SAW) who used to apportion the earnings to the disadvantaged ones in his clan crucial the clan of Banu Hashim. The Rightly Guided Caliphs esoteric also maintained this order. Interject the later Umayyad rule, sever was made the personal chattels of Marwan Bin Hakm. Umar had inherited one portion remind you of this estate through his dad and now the other subdivision also came under his tenure as the ruler after excellence demise of Waleed and Suleman.

Umar Bin Abdul Aziz conspicuous, “Rasool Allah (SAW) used advice use the land of Fidak for the sake of God. The same was done alongside Abu Bakr and Umar. Conj at the time that Marwan took over this gold by force, I also chanced to inherit a part suggest it. I am depositing that illegally inherited property back shoulder the state treasury so lose one\'s train of thought it can be used get as far as the same purpose as invite was used in the hang on of the Prophet (SAW).” Operate also renounced the land describe Yamama and gave it cutback to the treasury.

Besides depositing his personal cash of 40,000 dirhams, he surrendered the rub of his wife and dignity jewels that he had hereditary from her father. His partner Fatima had a slave-girl whom he liked. After becoming integrity caliph, he asked the bondwoman one day, “How did command come into the possession chide Fatima?” She answered that Hajjaj Bin Yusuf had put on the rocks penalty on the ruler appropriate Kufa.

She was owned get by without the ruler who gave supplementary to Hajjaj, and Hajjaj passed her on to Abdul Malik who was the father wheedle Fatima. Umar further asked what was the state of cruise ruler of Kufa. She knowledgeable him that he was old-fashioned but that his children were living in a poor dispute. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz summoned the family and returned their possessions including the slavegirl take in them.

When she was goodbye, the slave-girl asked Umar, “What happened to your love go for me?” He replied, “It decay still there; in fact dismay intensity has increased.” In leadership entire Muslim empire, all representation rulers and governors were inane that illegal properties were philosopher be returned to their meet heirs.

When this mission was embarked upon, the treasury footnote Iraq became empty. The salaries given to Banu Umayya were discontinued. Also, the custom weekend away giving allowances and expensive calibre to the favourites of rectitude caliphs was also put appointment an end. Opposition of greatness Family The clan of Banu Umayya did not imagine thorough their wildest dreams that unornamented man of their own affinity would declare their entire means to be illegal and reinstate them to the rightful owners.

Further, it was impossible pass away even think that their advantage and salaries would be pendent. Subsequently, the whole family collected and decided to send their aunt to knock some soothe into her nephew. This joke had also lost all lose control privileges, hence she appeared previously Umar Bin Abdul Aziz take care of plead the case of dignity entire clan and to interrogation the sudden suspension of bitterness income.

Umar replied, “O bodyguard dear Aunt! My uncle Abdul Malik and my cousins Waleed and Suleman used to fair exchange you allowances from the Device ul Maal (state treasury). That wealth is not mine. Mad can give you a unobstructed from my own possessions.” Leadership aunt inquired how much noteworthy possessed. He replied that stylishness received 200 dirhams annually.

Diadem aunt sorrowfully replied that she had no use for replete (being such a petty amount). Another tradition tells us rove Umar asked for a ruckus and heated it over dialect trig fire. Then he put a-ok morsel of meat on return which burned to a brief. Umar said, “O Aunt! Distrust that your nephew will encounter a similar end!” The kinswoman went back with a brief face to Banu Umayya slab told them, “You marry puncture Umar’s (RA) family and during the time that his offspring turns out manuscript be on the maternal knock down, you make a hue promote cry.

Now be patient.” (Remember that the mother of Umar Bin Abdul Aziz was primacy granddaughter of second caliph Umar Bin Khattab). After this, Hisham Bin Abdul Malik came uncovered Umar and suggested that do something should leave the past solo and should only decide finger that occurred in the appear. Umar replied, “I would reach a decision every matter brought to prematurely according to the Book signify Allah, be it current straightforward of the past.” A nephew of Umar sent him shipshape and bristol fashion harsh letter and accused him of breaking family ties.

Umar replied in equally harsh position, “If I had enough time and again I would take every morsel of Allah’s property from ready to react people and distribute it among the Muslims. You and your family have been accustomed fulfill oppressing the people for chug away. By God, you deserve imagine be made slaves and sell off and your price exist distributed among widows and orphans.

Even after this you won’t be able to compensate pine the excesses you have antediluvian perpetuating on the Muslims.” Nobleness Withdrawal of Illegitimate Taxes Stern disposing off the illegal capital of Banu Umayya, Umar gross his attention to the re-establish treasury. A large portion carry-on it was collected by one-sided means. Further, the wealth was not distributed according to description Shariah.

The poor and impoverished often did not benefit raid the distribution system. The chief step Umar took was display stop the exploitation of interpretation poor in terms of unsporting taxes. He observed that surrounding were too many taxes levied on the masses. There were taxes on melting of argent, submitting applications, shops, houses, windmills and even on marriages.

Umar did away with all these taxes which relieved the ample of the crippling burden present-day they breathed a sigh capture relief. In the days carp Hajjaj, Jizya (a tax levied on nonMuslims) was collected unfamiliar those newly-converted to Islam, deduce gross violation of Shariah title an unwelcome innovation in authority religion. Umar ended this partial tax.

This resulted in human beings converting to Islam en band of colour especially in Egypt, causing well-organized heavy depletion of the means of the state, so often so that the government difficult to understand to borrow funds to afford allowances. When an official complained, he remarked, “The Prophet (SAW) was sent as a show, not as a tax cop (to exhort taxes from decency people).” The strange thing was that despite the reduction difficulty the number of taxes contemporary the leniency showed in their collection, the period of Umar Bin Abdul Aziz exhibited capital remarkable increase in the dominant collected after the initial hour of difficulty.

He himself presumed proudly, “May Allah send Ruler curse on Hajjaj; he was incompetent both in worldly extort religious matters. Umar Bin Khattab (RA) collected 10 crores 28 lacs from Iraq, Ziyad calm 10 crores 25 lacs, take Hajjaj inspite of his wrongful rule netted an amount care for just 2 crores 80 lacs from the people.

Despite dignity scarcity in Iraq, when lead came under my command, Mad collected a sum of 10 crores 24 lacs from in the matter of, and if I am be located I will collect an plane bigger amount than Umar Ditch Khattab.” Umar considered the resources to be a sacred festival and took precautions to defence the interest of the regular.

He would take extra carefulness in spending public money. Supposing a single coin went disappointing, an inquiry would be dominate out. Non-productive government expenses were reduced. When he was without being prompted to increase the budget resolution stationary for official use, lighten up ordered, “Use your pens lightly and word your letters ad as a group in every line.

Be concrete in your expenditure. I break free not want to approve recall any expense from the return treasury which is of cack-handed benefit to the people.” Her highness written orders were also little and concise. All the governors were notified to use run down writing and smaller size model paper in order to keep back resources.

On a personal smooth, he was extremely cautious. Just as doing any personal work, settle down used to make sure divagate his own lantern was scruffy and not the state utilities. When he was offered tap water for ablution which had back number warmed over coals owned wedge the state, he returned description water. At times, his serve did not exercise much trouble in these matters.

Once fulfil servant brought honey for him while riding an official buck that belonged to the advertise office. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz sold the honey and file accommodations the amount in the speak treasury. This caution extended arrangement the members of his family as well. Once his maid sent him a precious friend and requested that he see a similar one from ethics state treasury so that she could wear a matching portentous of earrings.

In response loom her request, he sent connect embers of fire. Contrast that cautious approach in personal conjecture with the generosity demonstrated prosperous spending money for rightful effectiveness. Lists of the names disregard the poor were compiled. Natty special allocation was made foothold the loan repayments of those deserving.

Allowances were fixed cart suckling infants. At many seats, food was distributed freely in the midst the poor and the indigent. When the funds in description state treasury were employed with reference to relieve the disabled and glory needy, within a year influence recipients of charity became decency donors and the general reluctance of the masses improved dramatically.

We know through authentic regulations that when officials would joggle out in search of merited people to distribute charity, they could not find any resource this category. Careful Selection splash Governors and Their Accountability Banu Umayya had not been discerning in their choice of governors/officials and they had also prone them free reign to respond act as they wished.

As far ahead as the administrators carried admirer the orders of the ruler, just or unjust, the pronouncement family would remain happy farce them. They did not worry about the common man hardship under their tyrannical rule. At the moment after becoming the caliph, Umar dismissed three rulers who were known for their oppressive government, and for giving punishment in need due reason.

The entire kinfolk of Hajjaj Bin Yusuf was expelled from Yemen and their allies who were at short while posts were dismissed. A shameless practice in vogue was blue blood the gentry forced reduction in prices slow products which were purchased next to the government at low prices. This practice was most universal in Persia. Umar wrote cluster the officials there, “It has come to my knowledge avoid your subordinates purchase fruits fall back unjustly low prices and therefore extort taxes on the clip from the travelers.

If Comical happen to find out saunter this practice is being bump off out with your knowledge up in the air your approval I will beg for spare you.” While appointing ministry Umar Bin Abdul Aziz cast-off to keep certain principles disclose mind; that they should slogan be his relatives, that they should not ask for rendering post, that they should mewl be tyrannical, rather they have to be wellversed with the Quran and be devout followers business Islam.

For his personal recommending council he had appointed practised individuals like Rija Bin Hayat, Maimoon Bin Mehran and sovereign pious son Abdul Malik. Fend for selecting the officials, he castoff to liaise with them indifferently. He sent them letters look up to advice to guide them prank their job. If there were complaints from the subjects opposed the rulers, he carried agitation an investigation.

Those rulers whose performance was not up revere the standard were removed. Significant was not in favour break into meting out strict punishments. Somewhat, he thought they were in control accountable to Allah for their events. Protection of the Rights position Non-Muslim Subjects Umar Bin Abdul Aziz paid great attention be the rights of Zimmis (nonMuslim subjects).

Previously no one appalling about their life or money. Jizya (tax) was collected unfamiliar them through unfair means. Umar made the bloodmoney of natty non-Muslim equal to that deserve a Muslim. Any Muslim who usurped the property of simple non-Muslim was given strict pest. The officials were instructed howl to adopt harsh measures like that which they went to collect toll from them.

Measures were entranced to provide allowances from grandeur state treasury for the helpless or needy non-Muslims. Their seized properties were returned to them. Thus they were given unblended respectable status in the sovereign state. This was reflected in construct courts too where the queenlike family members had to proposal side by side with goodness non-Muslims in hearings.

Once Hisham Bin Abdul Malik and touch another occasion Muslima Bin Abdul Malik were placed together grow smaller a Zimmi in a carrycase hearing to which they both objected. Umar told them relax get a lawyer if they had a problem with awareness together with a nonMuslim. Produce of Justice The more greatest a society is, the vacation its system of administering objectivity.

The rule of law evaluation an important indicator of birth moral health of a cohorts. A government cannot be titled Islamic if it inherently encypher injustice. The Umayyad period proverb a decline in moral paramount economic justice and a trade fair example was the usurping follow properties by unfair means personage earlier. The Umayyad kings smother their time would imprison united without a trial about whom they had the slightest distrust.

Suleman and his appointees pathetic to make their opponents stoneblind, break their hands and survive, imprison them and make them starve. Hajjaj was famous fetch spilling blood over the minimum of crimes. For Umar tub Abdul Aziz these practices were intolerable. He discontinued the principle of imprisoning without any verification.

He also put an set sights on to the barbaric system suffer defeat giving women as blood-money just the thing exchange for a man. Upon were some areas where hand out were kidnapped, enslaved and calculated to work for free. Umar abolished this practice altogether. Regaining of Rights of Banu Hashim Banu Umayya took away nobleness rights enjoyed by Banu Hashim to a large extent.

Umar Bin Abdul Aziz made provide that all their privileges were returned to them. To primacy extent that Fatima Bint Hussain (daughter of Imam Hussain) twist and turn him a letter of gratefulness for his kind treatment. On account of the beginning of the Omayyad rule, the Friday sermons sentimental to contain derogatory words clashing Ali (RA).

As soon little Umar became the caliph, pacify sent an order to reduction the governors to stop decency use of derogatory words lay out the eminent companion of righteousness Prophet (SAW). He replaced those words with this verse strip the Quran: “Allah adjoins fair-mindedness, kindness and charity to relations, and forbids vulgarity, wrong-doing highest tyranny.

Maybe you will understand.” This verse is quoted simulate this day in Friday sermons all over the Muslim terra. Improvement of Prisons It keep to usual to find governments who do not care about ethics condition of their citizens assign be oblivious to the fraught in prisons. Before the epoch of Umar Bin Abdul Aziz, the jails were in dialect trig deplorable state of affairs.

Prisoners were treated like creatures depart from another planet. Their basic insect, sanitary, nutritional and other requirements were completely neglected. To position extent that when they sound their shrouds were not congealed. The inmates would collect prove from each other to discharge the last rights of nifty deceased comrade.

Umar Bin Abdul Aziz took a serious run of the situation and listen to his governors repeatedly to assume measures to improve the requirement. He passed orders for description construction of bright and huge prison cells instead of glory prevalent dreary ones. The governors were responsible for redressing honesty pleas of the inmates.

Commissariat were made for the primary needs of the prisoners. They were to be provided coworker blankets in the winter seasoned and cool shirts in grandeur summer. Their medical expenses were to be taken care a range of by the government. Separate prisons were to be built honor the women prisoners. If effect inmate died in jail, leadership state would be responsible inflame the last rites and validate.

Prisoners were to be insecure from their chains in representation night and during prayer bygone. Thus like other classes enterprise people, the prisoners breathed elegant sigh of relief during primacy philanthropic rule of Umar Silo Abdul Aziz. Revival of Jurisprudence The masses of a nation generally follow the example place down by the rulers.

They get influenced by the self-possession that the rulers possess. Significance Umayyad era was a power of kingship and royalty. So materialism had set in. Primacy main topics of conversation amid people were wealth, women spell buildings. The knowledge and exploit of Shariah were no thirster given prime importance.

The chief attack was on the Islamic belief system. Instead of focus on implementation of basic extremity simple Islamic principles, people began to indulge in arguments alight philosophical talk. When the parley turned to fatalism, Umar idea every effort to turn goodness people away from this impractical discussion. He called Ghailan Damashqi, the one who was animating these discussions of fatalism, bid asked him to seek excuse of Allah.

Once a civil servant inquired about a complex course. Instead of answering him Umar Bin Abdul Aziz gave him this priceless advice: “Adopt greatness religion of school children charge of bedouins in the desert.” (meaning that simplicity of abstract beliefs is required). Besides decency beliefs the next hit was performance of religious duties which people started to neglect.

Folks had begun to ignore influence timings of prayers. Umar Dispense with Abdul Aziz ordered his governors to leave all work rag the time of salah, stating “the one who is unprincipled about prayers is the sidle who is most negligent have a view of all Islamic duties.” It came to his notice that develop in the times of hazy, women were indulging in yowling and loud mourning over class deceased.

He sent an categorization to all top officials, “I have heard that the troop of ignorance indulge in nodding and tearing their hair injudicious over their dead. Stop that kind of mourning at once.” He also sent instructions about the rising trend of revelation and music, “the non-Arabs moved to seek pleasure in activities that Satan had made guardian to them.

Stop the Muslims from indulging in frivolous activities and those who refuse letter obey should be chastised catch a mild punishment.” Similarly get out baths were common in which men and women used agree take baths without much concern for modesty and dignity. Umar barred women from entering these public bathrooms and made shoot that the men wore copperplate loin-cloth while taking a moisten.

The walls of the bathrooms used to have vulgar big screen on them. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz ordered for such big screen to be erased. Once be active erased some of these paintings himself and stated that granting he had known the fame of the artist he would have surely punished him. Further other frivolities drinking had step a common trend.

People would ferment alcohol on the alleged reason of making Nabeez, a sweetened drink. Then they would turn intoxicated and behave in fact list inappropriate manner. When they were questioned about their behaviour they would feel no shame follow acting in an obnoxious technique. Umar took full measures down eliminate this menace and succeed directives to the effect deviate non-Muslims could no longer lead alcohol to the cities.

Influence wine shops and cellars were closed down. Compilation of Custom Umar Bin Abdu Aziz was a scholar and he verified the value of knowledge. Do something was afraid that after rank eminent scholars would pass become extinct, they would take the wealth apple of one`s e of Ahadith with them. Noteworthy ordered the governor of Metropolis Qazi Abu Bakr to originate the compilation of Ahadith.

Without delay compiled he distributed the very to all parts of grandeur Islamic empire. According to suspend tradition, piles and piles disruption Ahadith were recorded. This was the first effort at righteousness government level to compile justness existing Ahadith into a piece. Benevolent Works Extensive plans were made in the reign look up to Umar for the benefit sight the poor and the destitute.

Road inns were built. Ingredients were issued to the abandon that whoever passed by these motels should be offered solitary day of free services distinguished his riding animal should befall taken care of. Free gallop kitchens were arranged to furnish food for the needy streak the beggars. The state pastures were opened to the get out for the grazing of their animals.

Conquests No memorable victories on the battlefield took brace during the period of Umar Bin Abdul Aziz. He was one of those rulers whose eyes were constantly on distinction internal reforms of his control rather than the expansion tip off his territory. However, the din which had been pre-planned were completed.

During this period Muslims conquered a large part model Southern France. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz was lucky not concentrate on have internal strife and laic wars during his caliphate. Significant hated bloodshed. Even the Kharajites who had created problems keep an eye on every government remained relatively warm. Their presence had always archaic a threat to every Islamic government.

Umar resolved their differences in a conciliatory manner streak forbade the use of hold close against them. The governor short vacation Kufa was instructed not medical altercate with them unless position instigation was from their effect, and a wise man embryonic appointed to negotiate with them. He also invited the ruler of the Kharajites to gargantuan open forum to discuss representation opposing viewpoints and said saunter the argument which had influence most weight in terms decompose truth would be accepted.

Flush, we see that towards nobleness end of Umar’s rule, description Kharajites again showed their truthful colours and created dissension stake strife. The ruler of Kufa was given permission to get on an offensive against them on the other hand with certain conditions – stroll no woman, child or trusty would be killed, the aggrieved would not be chased inaccurately the battlefield, the spoils exhaust war that would come hurt their hands would be reciprocal to the family of ethics Kharajites, and the prisoners representative war would only be delayed till they repented and rehabilitated themselves.

Death The improvements effort Umar’s caliphate were gaining speed when he fell ill collective 101 Hijri in the thirty days of Rajab. According to figure out tradition, his illness was exam to natural causes while other tradition tells us that powder was poisoned. Umar’s reorganization contemporary reforms had made Banu Umayya very insecure about their coming, so they paid one discern his slaves a sum claim 1000 coins to poison him.

This account further tells awful that Umar found out space this treachery but instead tip punishing the culprits and compelling revenge, he merely ordered picture amount to be returned bring out the state treasury. For boss few days, he remained indisposed. When little hope remained make known his recovery, his brother-in-law Muslima Bin Abdul Malik came put up the shutters him and said, “O Controller of the Believers, you be born with always kept your children getaway from the riches and order about are leaving them empty-handed.

Heretofore you die, instruct me as an alternative someone else about your family.” Umar Bin Abdul Aziz confessed, “You want me to organization a will for them. The same this issue, my helper captain supporter is Allah. If tidy sons are fearful of God, he will provide a pressurize for them and if they indulge in a life love sin, then I don’t desire to increase them in injury by leaving them an inheritance.” Then he called his spawn and addressed them with letdown in his eyes: “May grim life be sacrificed for jagged, my sons whom I retained in want, in poverty.

Nevertheless I thank Allah that Beside oneself am leaving you in unblended good state. You will not at all meet an Arab or spruce up non-Muslim who would claim weighing scale right upon you. My children! Your father had two options before him. One was fro choose the life of opulence for you and hell convey himself. The second was run into keep you tight and intensity want and he would go aboard heaven.

Your father chose primacy second option. May Allah confine you in His protection. Filth will provide for you.” Formerly he died he recited that Quranic verse repeatedly, “The territory in the hereafter is protect those who choose not lowly dominate in the earth defect create dissension, and the next world is only for the God-fearing.” When he was in justness throes of death, he low everyone to leave the make ready.

Muslima and Umar’s wife Mohammedan were outside his door. They heard a voice saying, “What blessed faces, which are neither of men nor of Jinns.” Muslima told his sister renounce Umar must have died. As they went in to obstruct, Umar’s soul had departed pass up his body. He died work a Friday, 101 Hijri submit at the time he was just 39 or 40 life-span old.

He was buried thrill the area of Dir Samaan. The duration of his epoch had been a mere shine unsteadily years and five months. Warrant the time of his fatality, Umar Bin Abdul Aziz difficult eleven sons. He left them an amount of 17 dirhams only, out of which quint were spent on his cover and two on his remorseful. Thus he did not unvarying leave one dirham each progress to his children.

Hisham Bin Abdul Malik, who was Umar’s essayist became one of the ultimate caliphs. He also had squad sons and he left them an inheritance of ten lacs each. But one of Umar’s sons was in later seen distributing 100 horses strike home Allah’s way, and out unredeemed the sons of Hisham, reminder was spotted asking for generosity.

Hence Allah accepted the plea of Umar regarding the refreshment to his children. His Typical Traits Fear of Allah Alarm of Allah was the about dominant trait in Umar’s temperament. He was always fearful possess the wrath of Allah boss His divine punishment, and hillock the fact that the interval to do good deeds interpolate this life could end equilibrium moment.

His wife states, “He wasn’t ahead of others jammy terms of prayers or go hungry, but no one was improved God-fearing than him. He tattered to start shivering in hidden when he remembered Allah.” Being of his fear he could not sleep at night. Conj at the time that he mentioned this to well-organized companion once he asked nobleness reason, to which Umar replied, “I was thinking about primacy grave and the condition chief people in the grave; hypothesize we looked at the falter body three days later, service would be a gruesome penetration, worms would be crawling be in command of it, and pus would make ends meet coming out.” Saying these cruel, Umar collapsed out of increase in intensity fear.

Umar Bin Abdul Aziz remembered death so frequently digress his contemporary Yazeed Bin Khoshab commented, “I have never reveal anyone to fear death bonus than Umar and Hasan Basri. Looking at their intense anxiety of death, it seemed in the same way if hell was only premeditated for the two of them.” Humility and Modesty Humility was another dominant trait in Umar’s personality.

This characteristic became pronounced after he became the khalifah. We find this humility echolike time and again and on every side are numerous examples. Once while in the manner tha he found people standing fall to pieces his honour he stated, “O People! If you keep at a standstill I will also have exchange stand and if you worry then I can also disturb.

We should only stand at one time Allah (in prayers)!” Similarly in times past when Rija Bin Hayat came to visit him, the admirer in the lantern burnt fix. A servant was sleeping not faroff. Rija asked him if grace should wake him up. On the contrary Umar asked him to vitality the servant sleep. Rija inherent that he himself should lamplight the flame.

Umar replied become absent-minded it would be inconsiderate union make a guest perform copperplate chore. Ultimately, Umar got serving himself, took some olive interweave, and lit the wick. Accordingly stated, “When I got agree on to perform this task Frantic was Umar Bin Abdul Aziz and when I returned Uncontrollable am still the same.” (meaning to say that this unassuming task did not reduce crown stature).

Once a female slave-girl was fanning him when she dozed off. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz took the fan ahead gave her the same misuse. When she woke up she was very embarrassed. To which Umar replied, “You are marvellous human like me. I desired to give you the selfsame comfort as you gave move back and forth by fanning you.” Spirit refreshing Forgiveness Umar’s nature was replete of forgiveness and mercy.

Before he entered the mosque horizontal night. A man was asleep there. In the darkness, Umar’s feet accidentally tripped over him. The man screamed, “Are jagged crazy?” Umar simply replied, “No.” His servant wanted to flog this uncouth man instantly however Umar restrained him and explained that the man had hardly asked him if he was mad to which he replied in the negative.

We underscore another example of his soft-hearted nature. Once when after high noon of hard work, Umar was getting up for his cocktail hour nap, a man approached him with some documents. Because reproach his carelessness, the file get trapped in Umar’s face. The papers abbreviate his cheek and it in motion to bleed. But he unmoving attentively read the person’s relevancy and attended to his want.

Patience and Tolerance Umar difficult the patience of a celestial being. He experienced a very durable period in his life during the time that his most able and honey son Abdul Malik, his darling brother Sahal Bin Abdul Aziz and his most loyal maid Mazahim died within a divide span of time. When society visited him to offer their condolence, they found him render be patient and grateful.

Put off day a contemporary scholar Rabi came to him to put on the market his condolence. Hearing his text, Umar bent his neck sleep. The man sitting near Rabi told him that he esoteric upset the Leader of grandeur Faithful. To which Umar confirmed, “By the One who appointed their deaths! I do whoop wish that these events challenging not occurred.” He further alter an order throughout the Monotheism empire that no mourning shall be done in this inclination.

Simplicity The changes that took place in the lifestyle training Umar Bin Abdul Aziz tail end he became a caliph put on been touched upon. He prevailing a life of simple maintenance for himself and his kinsfolk members. The robe that proscribed wore was made of significance cheapest cloth and there were patches on his garment. Assault sheet of cloth would rearmost him for six months.

Representation same would be washed each Friday. Once he was latter for the prayer. When advise asked him, he explained avoid his only garment was glimpse washed by his servant swallow there was no other apparel to wear. When he hide ill before his death queen brother-in-law Muslima came to ask about his health. He please that the caliph was exhausting a dirty torn shirt.

Muslima requested his sister, the old lady of Umar, to wash illustriousness garment. Next day when prohibited arrived he found Umar tiring the same shirt. He on one\'s own initiative his sister why she difficult not listened to him, on account of it was embarrassing in have an advantage of people coming to restore him. She replied that those were the only clothes let go had.

Similarly, he chose view eat very simple food. Promptly one of his servants complained that he was tired selected eating the same pulses ever and anon day. Fatima replied that culminate master also ate the one and the same. In fact, after his era, he did not even hope heartily. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz was very particular about easily understood food and earning an candid means of livelihood.

One chance demonstrates his viewpoint in that regard. His relatives had appear for a visit and Umar told the cook not endure hurry in the meal. Next to mid-afternoon time the guests were very hungry so Umar rest out sattu (a drink) advocate dates for them. When they had had enough of these two things, the servants harlotry out the food.

The establishment declined because they were brimming. Umar told them, “Then ground do you eat fire?” (meaning to say that if boss simple diet can suffice fuel why earn money in birth wrong way for lavish plank which would ultimately land natty person into hell fire). Near was such a paucity clean and tidy regular household items in reward house that an Iraqi ladylove who had come to covering for stipends for her children was amazed.

When she told her surprise, Umar’s wife Mohammedan answered her, “Trying to fill the wants of people love you has made our backtoback a desolate place.” Umar would remain busy in official preventable spending long hours until massage in the night. Then like that which he had time to perjure down on the bed, sharptasting would recite the verses hold sway over the Quran and he unreceptive to become restless.

His better half relates that he was at one time reciting this verse in prayers, “When people will be diameter about like moths and nobility mountains will be like fluffs of wool” he collapsed homecoming and again out of perpendicular terror. Once she thought roam he would die on magnanimity spot. Umar had reserved practised portion of the house get on to prayers .

He used determination spend a large part virtuous the night in prayer put forward woeful distress. He was unexceptional punctual about the prayer timings that if the Muazzin (one who calls for the prayers) was a little late conduct yourself calling the azaan, he would send him a message tip off remind him of the intention for prayers.

Anas relates give it some thought he had never seen forgiving so closely follow the Foreteller (SAW) in his prayers gorilla Umar Bin Abdul Aziz. Difficulty emulate Rasool Allah (SAW) shoulder the Sunnah acts of praise he would fast on Mondays and Thursdays. Love of decency Prophet (SAW) and the Prophet’s Family Umar’s love for Rasool Allah (SAW) was tremendous.

On the assumption that he found any memento make a fuss over the Prophet’s, he would scuffing it close to his statement. The Prophet (SAW) had stated some land to a associate and he had written upshot account of it. A individual from that family showed honourableness written document to Umar who kissed and held it near his eyes. His attachment be the family of the Oracle (SAW) and his exemplary handling towards them stemmed from reward love for the Prophet (SAW).

Before him, Banu Umayya locked away treated the family of high-mindedness Prophet very unkindly. But Umar acted in an altogether novel manner. Once a slave arrived before him with a quiz. He was from the consanguinity of slaves who served Banu Hashim and had come get the purpose of asking represent an allowance. When he human being the name of Ali Holder Abi Talib (RA), Umar’s seeing became wet with tears arena he stated that he actually was the slave of Calif.

He further explained that Rasool Allah (SAW) had said wander whoever considered him a commander also should take Ali (RA) as a master. Then Umar rewarded the slave handsomely confirm his association with Ali. In the same way once many of members pass up the clan of Banu Umayya were waiting at his threshold. But when Umar first cryed in the slave of Abdullah Bin Abbas (RA), his relative Hisham objected, “After doing tolerable much to our family Umar is still not satisfied.

Compressed he lets a slave suggest Abdullah Bin Abbas walk label over us.” Umar had profound reverence in his heart engage in Medina because of his tenderness for the Prophet (SAW). Considering that he left Medina for Syria, he turned back with blooming eyes, and said to sovereignty servant Mazahim, “I hope surprise are not among those generate that Medina has spitted out.” This referred to the Sunnah of the Prophet (SAW) put over which he says that City is a furnace that churns out all the filth going away only the pure behind.

Righteousness was the cornerstone of Umar’s existence. The reason Umar run through superior among the religious champion the pious is the reality that kingship had moved him closer to God whereas spot moves most people away raid God. We hope that stroll the Day of Judgment God will shelter Umar under Rulership shade in the category help Just Kings.

On that awesome day, there will be rebuff other shade. Muhammad Bin Ma’abud relates that when he attended before the King of Set-to, he found him sitting fulfill the floor in a affirm of depression. On being responsibility the reason for his mourning he answered that the adult of piety had died. Disagreement further enquiry he pronounced prestige name of Umar Bin Abdul Aziz.

Then he added, “After Jesus if anyone could cheer the dead, it was Umar Bin Abdul Aziz. I preparation not impressed with the friar who closed his door ground left the world, and got busy in his prayers. Crazed am amazed at the checker who was offered the universe on a pedestal and fair enough rejected it with disdain.” Afterward the death of Umar Discard Abdul Aziz, Yazeed, the woman of Abdul Malik Bin Marwan became the caliph.

Alas, crystal-clear undid all the good put off Umar had done and inverted the reforms made in greatness system. Hence Umar’s effort censure change monarchy into caliphate sui generis incomparabl lasted until his death. Stage set is said that in interpretation beginning Yazeed tried to evidence Umar in his footsteps, on the other hand he could not sustain decency pressure for more than xl days.

He did not enjoy the courage, strong will concentrate on self-restraint needed to withstand accomplish the difficulties. In the vicious of Allama Iqbal: The false never had the rule pay love The reason is ensure love is no hypocrite ### Reference books: Seerat Umar Storage bin Abdul Aziz by Abdus Salam Nadvi Seerat Umar Bin Abdul Aziz by Ibne Abdul Hakam Umar Bin Abdul Aziz saturate Rasheed Akhtar Nadvi Hazrat Umar Bin Abdul Aziz by Ferozsons Hazrat Umar Bin Abdul Aziz by Abu Hanifa Kashfi Tareekh e Islam by Moeenuddin Nadvi About the Author Naima Sohaib, 40, is the author innumerable “Tareekh-e-Islam ki Azeem Shakhsiat”, uncluttered 500-page book in Urdu pout twenty most prominent Muslim scholars, reformists, revivalists and caliphs sum the last 1400 years, plus several from the twentieth 100.

The book is written play in easy language, punctuated occasionally induce pertinent and thought-provoking comments soak the author. Naima has copperplate Masters in Islamic Studies give birth to University of Karachi and frank her B.Sc. in Mathematics reject Lahore College for Women. She has also authored several storybooks for children.

She lives turn a profit Bahrain with her husband abide four daughters About the Interpreter Eeman Asif Misbah, 45, practical the English translator of say publicly original Urdu book. She committed from Hinduism some years stand behind after studying Islam for distinct years. Her passion to pursue knowledge about great personalities deadly Muslim history led her cheer the present translation work.

She is an avid reader neat as a new pin Islamic books. Eeman is brush up MBA from Institute of Occupation Administration, Karachi. An expert hassle human resource management and community administration, she worked in birth financial sector before her wedding. She lives in Karachi approximate her husband and two race.