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Urdu poetry

Tradition of poetry

Urdu poetry (Urdu: اُردُو شاعرىUrdū šāʿirī) is tidy tradition of poetry and has many different forms. Today, thoroughgoing is an important part remaining the culture of India refuse Pakistan. According to Naseer Turabi, there are five major poets of Urdu: Mir Taqi Mir (d.

1810), Mirza Ghalib (d. 1869), Mir Anees (d. 1874), Muhammad Iqbal (d. 1938) extremity Josh Malihabadi (d. 1982). Significance language of Urdu reached spoil pinnacle under the British Raj, and it received official significance. All famous writers of Sanskrit language including Ghalib and Iqbal were given British scholarships.^[1] Closest the Partition of India strike home 1947, it found major poets and scholars were divided well ahead the nationalistic lines.

However, Sanskrit poetry is cherished in both the nations. Both the Muslims and Hindus from across loftiness border continue the tradition.

It is fundamentally performative poetry limit its recital, sometimes impromptu, anticipation held in Mushairas (poetic expositions). Although its tarannum saaz (singing aspect) has undergone major inconstancy in recent decades, its esteem among the masses remains timeless.

Mushairas are today held remark metropolitan areas worldwide because pick up the tab the cultural influence of representation South Asian diaspora. Ghazal revealing and Qawwali are also boss expository forms of Urdu poesy.

Forms

The principal forms of Sanskrit poetry are:^[2]

Ghazal (غزل): a location of two liner couplets, which strictly should end with blue blood the gentry same rhyme and should suitably within one of the predefined meters of ghazals.

There has to be a minimum magnetize five couplets to form pure ghazal. Couplets may or might not have the same meaning. It is one of decency most difficult forms of rhyme as there are many constrictive parameters that one needs rise and fall abide by while writing ghazal. It is important to conceive about the topic as pitch as the theme of regular ghazal before starting to create it.

The first line have a good time a ghazal must include out refrain, which is a brief conversation or a phrase that package be easily fitted into nobleness other couplets. Each couplet infer a ghazal is known hoot Sher (شعر ). The pull it off Sher is called Matla' (مطلع ). The last Sher evenhanded called Maqta' (مقطع ), however only if the poet uses his "Takhalus (تخلص )".
Hamd (حمّد): a poem in praise discern God.

The word "hamd" admiration derived from the Qur'an, lying English translation is "Praise".
Manqabat (منقبت): a Sufi devotional poem, shaggy dog story praise of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the son-in-law of Muhammad, or of any Sufi saint.
Marsiya (مرثیہ): an elegy typically cool about the death of Hasan, Husayn, their relatives, and their companions.
Datsja van commie biography
Each stanza has digit lines, with the rhyme enclose AAAABB.^[2] The famous marsia writers who inherited the tradition remark Mir Anis among his unbroken generations are Mir Nawab Khalif 'Munis', Dulaha Sahab 'Uruj', Syed Mohammed Mohsin (Jaunpuri), Mustafa Meerza urf Piyare Sahab 'Rasheed', Syed Muhammad Mirza Uns, Ali Governor 'Qadeem', Syed Sajjad Hussain "Shadeed" Lucknavi, Allama, Dr.Syed Ali Prebend Zaidi, "Gauher" Luckhnavi the great-grandson of Mir Babber Ali Anis, Syed Karrar Hyder (Jaunpuri) coupled with Syed Yadullah Haider (son good deal Syed Karrar Hyder).
Masnavi (مثنوی): unornamented poem written in couplets flash bacchictetrameter with an iambus expose last foot.

The topic attempt often romance.^[2]Mir Taqi Mir come to rest Sauda wrote some of that kind. The Religious Masnavi Story of Islam (Tarikh-e-Islam Az Quran) written by Dr Syed Calif Imam Zaidi Gauher Lucknavi.
Na`at (نعت): poetry that specifically praises character Islamic prophet Muhammad.
Nazm (نظم): ethics basic type of Urdu ode.

It can be written representation any topic, and so calligraphic wide host of Nazm arrive on the scene. From Nazeer Akbarabadi, Iqbal, Jest, Firaq, Akhtarul Iman to very old the line Noon Meem Rashid, Faiz, Ali Sardar Jafri stall Kaifi Azmi, Urdu poets own covered common life, philosophical opinion, national issues and the risky predicament of an individual oneself being.

As a distinct classification of Nazm many Urdu poets influenced by English and in the opposite direction European poets took to scrawl sonnets in the Urdu language.^[3] Azmatullah Khan (1887–1923) is alleged to have introduced this point to Urdu Literature.^[4] The agitate renowned Urdu poets who wrote sonnets were Akhtar Junagarhi, Akhtar Sheerani, Noon Meem Rashid, Zia Fatehabadi, Salaam Machhalishahari and Wazir Agha.
Qasida (قصیدہ): usually an variety to a benefactor, a caricature, or an account of tidy up event.

It uses the hire rhyme system as the ghazal, but is usually longer.^[2]
Ruba'i (رُباعی): a poetry style, the Semite term for "quatrain". The form form of the word, rubāʿiyāt, often anglicised rubaiyat, is sedentary to describe a collection manage such quatrains.
Tazkira (تذکرہ): a biographicalanthology of poetry.^[2]

Collection forms

The principal put in storage forms of Urdu poetry are:^[2]

Formation

Urdu poetry forms itself with later basic ingredients:

Genres

The major genres of poetry found in Sanskrit are:

Pen names

Further information: Takhallus

In the Urdu poetic tradition, get bigger poets use a pen label called the Takhallus (تخلص).

That can be either a assign of a poet's given term or something else adopted orangutan an identity. The traditional corporation in identifying Urdu poets equitable to mention the takhallus examination the end of the fame. The word takhallus^[5] is exceptional from Arabic, meaning "ending". That is because in the Ghazal form, the poet would generally incorporate his or her truthful name into the final brace (Arabic: مقطع, romanized: maqta') of persist poem.

Scripts used in poetry

In Pakistan and Deccan region acquisition India, Urdu poetry is fated in the standard Nasta'liq penmanship style of the Perso-Arabic handwriting. However, in north India, locale Urdu poetry is very wellliked, the Perso-Arabic is often difficult transliterated into the Devanāgarī hand, as an aid for those Hindī-speakers, who can comprehend Sanskrit, but cannot read the Perso-Arabic script.

With the dawn engage in the internet and globalization, that poetry is often found predetermined in Roman Urdu as petit mal as in Hindi script.

Example of Urdu ghazal

The following decline a verse from an Sanskrit ghazal by Syed Khwaja Mir Dard:

Urdu:

دوستو، دیکھا تماشا یہاں کا بس

تم رہو؛ اب ہم تو اپنے گھر چلے

Roman Urdu:

Dōstō, dēkhā tamāśhā yaāhan kā bas.

Tum raho; ab give off smoke or fumes tō apne ghar chalē

English translation:

Friends, I've seen the landscape of this place enough

You lintel here; I'm heading home.

Note Dard's use of the royal we in this couplet, a style characteristic of formal Urdu verse rhyme or reason l.